An ideal crystal is a model of a crystal of perfect structure, devoid of all structural defects that are inevitable in real-life crystals. The model of an ideal infinite crystal that does not contain impurities , vacancies , interstitial atoms and dislocations is widely used in crystallography and solid state physics . The closest in structure to an ideal crystal are dislocation crystals , which contain units of dislocations per cm 2 (for example, germanium , silicon ) and filamentary crystals . Some defects (for example, impurities and intercrystalline boundaries) can be avoided in the process of growing, annealing, or cleaning the crystal. However, at temperatures above absolute zero , real crystals always contain vacancies and interstitial atoms, although their number decreases exponentially as the temperature decreases. In addition to such inevitable defects, real crystals are also limited by the finite size.
An ideal crystal is also called a real crystal of perfect shape, in which physically equivalent faces are equally developed.
Literature
- An ideal crystal // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia . - Almaty: Kazakh Encyclopedias , 2005. - T. II. - ISBN 9965-9746-3-2 .
- Perfect Crystal // Iron Tree - Radiation. - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2008. - P. 694. - (The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 t.] / Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004–2017, t. 10). - ISBN 978-5-85270-341-5 .
When writing this article, material from the “ Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia "(1998-2007), provided by the editorial" Kazakh encyclopedia "under the license Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 Unported .