The Battle of Liv - a series of clashes that took place during the Polish uprising in February-March 1831, near the village of Liv , on the banks of the swampy river Livets .
| Battle of Liv | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| The main conflict: Polish uprising of 1830 | |||
 Theater of war (map from the article " Liv " " Military Encyclopedia of Sytin ") | |||
| date | February-March 1831 | ||
| A place | Liv ( Hungarian County ) | ||
| Total | Tactical victory of the Poles | ||
| Opponents | |||
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| Commanders | |||
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On February 1 ( 13 ), 1831, the First Corps of the Russian Imperial Army was ordered to advance through Hungary to Liv, the Sixth Corps to facilitate the crossing of I, and the Third Cavalry Reserve to follow the First. On the night of February 1 ( 13 ), 1831, Dmitry Erofeevich Saken (the head of the 3rd Lancers) moved to attack Liv; a wooden bridge over a stream was protected by 1 battalion with 2 guns. Saken knocked down the front posts, which they hastily tried to destroy the bridge, and then the 49th Jaeger regiment crossed the stream, knocked the Poles out of Liv and captured it [1] .
March 21 ( April 2 ), 1831, Russian patrols expelled from Vengrov were thrown back from Liv; after the Russian troops left Liva, the Poles set up a flash to protect the bridge [1] .
March 28 ( April 9 ), 1831, General Ludwig Ivanovich Pinabel (2 companies of the 6th Jaeger Regiment, 3 squadrons of Tatarsky Lancers, 1st reserve engineer battalion, 300 foragers of the VI Corps, 4 guns) attacked tete de pon , exterminated a large part of the half-battalion that occupied it and cut down the bridge, but the next day, when approaching the Polish corps of General Jan Nepomuk Uminsky , he retreated, leaving the crossing in the hands of the enemy [1] .
Meanwhile, the Russian general Fyodor Klementyevich Geismar, in anticipation of the battle of Thane, in order to ensure his right flank, entrusted General Roman Karlovich Nasaken with command of troops near Liv (Pinabel’s detachment, combined grenadier battalion, 2 squadrons of the Arzamas equestrian jaeger regiment, 1 Lancer). March 29 ( April 10 ), 1831 Nasaken took the company of the Astrakhan regiment fortifications near the bridge, and the Poles limited themselves to artillery fire. On the night, Nasaken went to Sokolov [1] .
In order to oust Uminsky, General Ivan Ivanovich Dibich formed a detachment of P. A. Ugryumov (9½ battalions of the First Grenadier Division, 4 squadrons of the Polish and 2 squadrons of the Tatar Uhlan Regiments, 3 squadrons of the Arzamas and 2 squadrons of the Tiraspol Horse-Jaeger Regiment, 16 or.). whose main goal was the tet de pon at Liva. On April 2 ( 14 ), 1831, Ugryumov cautiously approached Liv, singling out, in order to ensure the offensive, two squadrons of lancers and horse rangers. Uminsky deployed one battalion and three artillery pieces in tete de pon, 4 companies and 2 squadrons in front of him, built an eight-gun battery on the left bank, behind which he placed 8 battalions, 5 cavalry regiments and 14 cannons. Ugryumov, without reaching four kilometers to Liva, built a battle formation: to the right of the road came the 2nd Carabinieri Prince Barclay de Tolly regiment, 4 guns and 1 squadron of Polish Lancers, to the left - the 1st Carabinieri regiment, 4 guns and 2 squadrons of Arzamassky horse-ranger regiment , in reserve - Ugryumov with 5 battalions, 3 squadrons and 8 guns [1] .
The fire of Russian artillery forced the companies and squadrons that were ahead of the Tete de Pont to retreat to the island, where three guns were taken away. Two battalions, under the command of Major General Karp Karpovich Fezi , despite the buckshot and strong fire of the skirmishers, broke into the fortification and captured 230 defenders. The carabinerus attack on the island was repelled; but artillery fire forced the Poles to clear it. Five Poles attacks on Russian positions were repelled. Then Uminsky sent a brigade of General cross below Liv and capture the crossing. First sent two squadrons of Tatarsky Lancers, and then the division of Polish Lancers, 1 squadron of Arzamas horse rangers, trying to prevent the crossing, were discarded, and only with the arrival of the division of Tiraspol horse rangers and 1 squadron of Polish Lancers and two guns managed to stop the Poles, and they retreated on the right bank of the river. Around 10 pm, the battle ended [1] .
On the morning of April 3 ( 15 ), 1831 3 battalions with six guns again unsuccessfully tried to recapture the Russians from the tete de pon [1] .
Russian losses in two days amounted to 982 people killed and wounded, including 222 cavalry in a fierce battle with Tomitsky at the crossing. On the night of April 4 ( 16 ), 1831 , according to the order received, Ugryumov, having destroyed the fortifications, retreated to Mokobod [1] .
Due to the fact that the Russian troops withdrew, the Poles attribute the victory in this battle to themselves, however, according to Dibich, holding the crossing from Liv was not part of his plans, and therefore the true purpose of the battles at Liv remains unclear [1] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Liv // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
Literature
- Military Journal, Military Account Archive No. 3.101, B and 3.145, A.
- Puzyrevsky A. K. "The Polish-Russian War of 1831 ".
- Smith F. “The History of the Polish Uprising and the War of 1830 and 1831” (translation from German Kvitnitsky, St. Petersburg , 1863-1864).
- Mochnacki Powstanie narodu Polskiego w r. 1830–31.
Links
- Kaller E. Bitwy i potyczki stoczone przez wojsko polskie w roku 1831 . Poznań: Drukarnia Dziennika Poznańskiego, 1887, s. 57, 61. (Polish)