Edible salangana [1] ( lat. Aerodramus germani ) is a species of birds of the strizhin family.
Edible salangana |
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Scientific classification |
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No rank : | Bilateral symmetric |
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International Scientific Name |
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Aerodramus germani ( Oustalet , 1876 ) |
Security status |
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Least concernIUCN 3.1 Least Concern : ??? |
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Content
DescriptionMedium size swag with forked tail . The plumage on the top is mostly uniform black-brown, glossy, the sides are pale gray. The throat is gray, the rest of the plumage is brown-gray below. Subspecies A. g. amechanus has more gray sides than the nominal. The body length is 11.5–12.5 cm , weight is 8.7–14.8 g . Birds are noticeably brighter than salangan-algae ( Aerodramus fuciphagus ) from the bottom and sides [2] .
Both subspecies are capable of echolocation . The sound signals of the nominal subspecies resemble the nasal "zzreeew" or the two-syllable "zi-reeew", especially in flight [2] .
SpreadEdible salangans inhabit Southeast Asia , on the island of Kalimantan and in the Philippines [3] . In rare cases, birds were seen in the south of China ; nests are known only on islands in Hainan Province [2] . The International Union for Conservation of Nature does not secrete edible salangan as a separate species. In Vietnam, due to the constant collection of nests, the number is estimated at only 200 thousand pairs [2] .
Birds do not carry out seasonal migrations and are sedentary [2] .
PowerOn the island of Penang in Malaysia, research was conducted on pellets - undigested food residues, belched by birds and collected during the day. According to these studies, the basis of the ration of edible salangan are hymenoptera (Hymenoptera) - 41%, mayfly (Ephemeroptera) - 26.5%, equiptera (Homoptera) - 15.8% and two-winged (Diptera) - 7.8%, but nocturnal beetles and flying insects, for obvious reasons, were absent [2] .
In Malaysia, birds feed at an altitude of 57.5 meters above the forest, most active at dusk. Birds often gather in large flocks, including both representatives of their own species and other swifts and swallows [2] .
The excrement of the inhabitants of the upper tiers of the cave, including swifts and bats, supports the development of animals that seek food on the lower tiers. The latter, in turn, are eaten by snakes and giant carnivorous grasshoppers, which also hunt chicks. A closed ecosystem has only one way out: birds and bats, which bring nutrients to the cave [4] .
ReproductionOn the Myoi archipelago in Myanmar, the breeding season is in April and coincides in time with that of the black nesting salangan. On the peninsula Thailand, the first clutch occurs in March, the second occurs at the end of April, and the third in July, with each time the size of the nest without saliva increases. In Vietnam, nest building occurs during the dry season from December to March, and laying eggs for the first rainy season is in early April. On the island of Palawan apparently the birds lay eggs in January-June. A large study in Penang and Kuala Lumpur showed that birds can lay eggs year-round, but the breeding peak is in October-December and February, with chicks appearing during the dry season in November-March [2] , despite the fact that the rainy season should produce enough insects for feeding [5] .
Human interactionEdible salangana is one of four species of birds that are edible nests (the others are Aerodramus fuciphagus , Aerodramus maximus and Aerodramus unicolor ) [6] , they are elements of traditional Chinese medicine , and are also part of the soup. For medical purposes, bird nests have been used for centuries, it is believed that they reduce the risk of disease and contribute to a longer life. The main ingredients of the edible bird's nest are sialic acid - 9%, - 7.2%, glucosamine - 5.3%, galactose - 16.9%), fructose - 0.7%, amino acids ( aspartic , glutamine , proline , threonine , valine ) and mineral salts (mainly sodium and calcium). Scientific evidence of the medical efficacy of edible bird nests is still limited [6] .
Birds can nest in specially constructed buildings in the immediate vicinity of urban areas. On harvested areas can build nests twice a season [2] . In Southeast Asia, including Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand, nest collectors began to build structures on which birds could build their nests. Such structures attract various birds, including those whose nests are inedible. Manufacturers destroy such nests together with eggs in order to eventually get colonies of birds that produce the “correct” nests. At the same time, such nests are still rated lower than nests from caves [4] . Recent studies have shown that it is possible to organize the collection of nests in such a way that the damage from it will be significantly reduced. Estimated restrictions include collecting nests twice a year: when only 10–15% of the nests have eggs and the second is when the chicks of the second clutch have left the nest [2] .
SystematicsThis species was first described by the French zoologist Emile Tale in 1876 [2] . For a long time it belonged to the genus Salangan ( Collocalia ). In 1970, the South African ornithologist divided the genus into three groups, one of which - Aerodramus (from the Greek. Αερος - “air”, the Greek. Δρομος - “racer” [7] ) - included non-brilliant swifts capable to echolocation [8] . Some scientists attribute both subspecies of this species to salangane-algae ( Aerodramus fuciphagus ) [2] .
Currently, edible salangana belongs to the genus Aerodramus of the Swift family. The International Union of Ornithologists identifies two subspecies [3] :
- Aerodramus germani germani (Oustalet, 1876) - from Hainan Island in the west, along the Malay Peninsula, including the Myoi Archipelago, located south of Myanmar, the northern coast of Kalimantan , the western Philippines from Palawan Island to Panay and Islands .
- Aerodramus germani amechanus (Oberholser, 1912) - on the Anambas archipelago, southeast of the Malacca peninsula.
Notes- ↑ Glushchenko Yu. N., Koblik E. A., Arkhipov V. Yu., Glushchenko V. P., Eliseev S. L., Korobov D. V., Korobova I. N., Loginov N. G., Malykh I. M., Semenov G. A., Simonov V. A., Khaidarov D. R., Chernyshev O. G. Ornithological observations in Thailand in 2006–2018 // Russian Ornithological Journal. - 2018. - V. 27 , no. 1627 . - p . 2960 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 HBW Alive: Edible-nest Swiftlet .
- ↑ 1 2 Gill F., Donsker D. (Eds) .: Owlet-nightjars, treeswifts, swifts (English) . IOC World Bird List (v 8.2) (June 25, 2018). doi : 10.14344 / IOC.ML.8.2 . The appeal date is November 3, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Edible-nest Swiftlet (English) . Birds and birding in India . The appeal date is November 17, 2018.
- ↑ HBW Alive: Family Apodidae , Breeding.
- ↑ 1 2 Shun Wan Chan. Review of Scientific Research on Edible Bird's Nest (2006). The appeal date is November 17, 2018.
- ↑ Jobling JA The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. - London: A & C Black Publishers Ltd, 2010. - p. 77. - 432 p. - ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- ↑ HBW Alive: Family Apodidae , Systematics.
Literature- Edible-nest Swiftlet ( Aerodramus fuciphagus ) / Chantler P., Kirwan GM, Boesman P. // Barn-owls to Hummingbirds. - Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 1999. - (Handbook of the Birds of the World: [16 v.] / In: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal; 1992-2013, vol. 5). - ISBN 978-84-87334-25-2 .
Links- Chantler P., Kirwan GM, Boesman P. Edible-nest Swiftlet ( Aerodramus fuciphagus ) (English) . Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (26 October 2018). The appeal date is November 17, 2018.
- Chantler P. Family Apodidae (English) . Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (10 September 2014). The appeal date is November 17, 2018.