Teknonim ( other Greek: τέκνον “child” + ὄνομα “name”) is a type of personal name that is assigned to a parent by the name of the child. According to the principle of naming, the teknonym is thus the opposite of the patronym transmitted from the father, and the matronym transmitted from the mother.
The term was first coined by anthropologist Edward Burnett Taylor in an article in 1889 [1] [2] . Arabs have a similar phenomenon (part of a personal name) known as kunya .
Content
Teknonym Cultures
- The Austronesians :
- Coconut Malays in the Cocos Islands (parents are named after their firstborn) [3]
- Balinese [4]
- becileo in Madagascar [5]
- Mentaways in Indonesia [6]
- Yami in Taiwan [7]
- according to the description of Claude Levy-Strauss , a penan group on Kalimantan could call a person one of three types of names: “either by personal name or by a tekhnonym (“ father of such and such, ”“ mother of such and such ”), or, finally, what can be called an necronym expressing the family relationship of the subject with a deceased relative (“dead father”, “dead niece, etc.).” In the event of the death of a child, the teknonym was replaced by a necronym (“the first-born child died”), but at the next birth, the new teknonym again replaced the necronym [8]
- The Arab world : for example, if a Saudi named Hassan the eldest son was named Zayn, Hun’s kunya will be Abu Zayn (literally “Zayn’s father”), the mother of the firstborn named Malik will be known as Umm Malik , etc.
- In Asia:
- Koreans : for example, a mother of a child named Su-min ( Su-min ) may be known as Su-min Eomma (“mother Su-Min”) [2]
- ranks : the use of the teknonym is mandatory when referring the child to the elder and preferably when the adult addresses the elder by age or position; the case is described when a married man who has no children was called “Father without a name” [9]
- Bukhara Jews : the use of the teknonym is connected with the prohibition of naming older relatives and acquaintances in general by name; in general, it was customary for Bukhara Jews to call parents the name of the first boy, although sometimes the gender of the child was not important [10] :
“If this is an adult woman, they say the name of the first child: call the mother of that. It doesn't matter if the boy or girl is the firstborn. How to say, if it is not known, then you can second. Here everyone says to me who passes: “Joseph-nanesha” (Heb. Heb. “Joseph's mother”) [...] The husband is called by the name of the first or last child: “Dada-Yoska” (Heb. Heb. “Pope Joseph” ), for example ”(Bukhara, female, 33).
- In Africa:
- Swahili in Tanzania and Kenya [11]
- In the Amazon [12]
- Indigenous peoples of North America [13] :
- Tlingit : teknonyms are formed by adding the words “ish” (father) or “aphids” (mother) to the child’s name; at the same time, if a person did not have a child, he could receive a teknonym name nicknamed his beloved dog
- inland atapascans
- Haida on the islands of Queen Charlotte : at the birth of a child they changed the name of not only father and mother, but also grandfather and grandmother
Notes
- ↑ Tylor, EB 1889. On a Method of Investigating the Development of Institutions; Applied to Laws of Marriage and Descent // The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 18 (1889), p. 248.
- ↑ 1 2 Lee, Kwang-Kyu; Kim Harvey, Youngsook. Teknonymy and Geononymy in Korean Kinship Terminology (Eng.) // Ethnology : journal. - 1973. - Vol. 12 , no. 1 . - P. 31–46 .
- ↑ Winarnita, Monika; Herriman, Nicholas. Marriage Migration to the Malay Muslim community of Home Island (Cocos Keeling Islands ) // Indonesia and the Malay World: journal. - 2012. - Vol. 40 , no. 118 . - P. 372-387 . - DOI : 10.1080 / 13639811.2012.709020 .
- ↑ Geertz, Hildred; Geertz, Clifford . Teknonymy in Bali: Parenthood, Age-Grading and Genealogical Amnesia (Eng.) // The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland : journal. - 1964. - Vol. 94 , no. 2 . - P. 94-108 .
- ↑ Bloch, Maurice. Teknonymy and the evocation of the 'social' among the Zafimaniry of Madagascar // An Anthropology of Names and Naming. - Cambridge University Press, 2006. - P. 97–114. - ISBN 9780521848633 .
- ↑ Hammons, Christian. Sakaliou: Reciprocity, mimesis, and the cultural economy of tradition in Siberut, Mentawai Islands, Indonesia . - University of Southern California, 2010.
- ↑ Kao, Hsin-chieh. Labor, life, and language: Personhood and relations among the Yami of Lanyu . - University of St. Andrews, Department of Social Anthropology, 2012 .-- P. 56.
- ↑ Levy-Stros K. Primitive Thinking / Per., Entry. Art. and approx. A. B. Ostrovsky. - M .: Republic, 1994. Ch. VII.
- ↑ Gokhman V.I. Socialization of children and adolescents among officials
- ↑ Amosova S.N. The tradition of the naming of Bukhara Jews in the late XX - early XXI century. // Diasporas. - 2011. - No. 2. - S. 117-126.
- ↑ Russell, Joan. Complete Swahili, Teach Yourself . - Hachette, 2012.
- ↑ Vilaça, Aparecida. Making Kin out of Others in Amazonia (Eng.) // The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute : journal. - 2002. - Vol. 8 , no. 2 . - P. 347-365 . - DOI : 10.1111 / 1467-9655.00007 .
- ↑ Grinev A.V. Personal names of Tlingit Indians // Soviet Ethnography . 1990. No. 5. - S. 132-141.
See also
- Mititsuna no haha