Khlopitsky, Joseph

Coat of arms of Khlopitsky Nechuya .

Born in the Podolsk province , childhood - in Shargorod , spent the first years of his life among Ukrainian nannies and uncles, considered the native language Ukrainian .

At a young age (10.14.1787) he entered the military service, in 1791 - a lieutenant ^[2] . The name of Khlopitsky is on the list of Polish officers who presented the medal to Prince Ponyatovsky in 1792 at the conclusion of the Targovitsa Confederation .

Member of the Uprising Kosciuszko . After the third partition of Poland, he emigrated and in 1797 entered the service of the 1st Polish Legion of the French Army, General Dombrowski, with the rank of captain. In 1798 he received the rank of major. Participated in the siege of Peschiera . In 1799 he was appointed commander of the battalion. In 1799 he distinguished himself in battles on the Adda River , at Trebbia , at Novi . He participated in the arrest of Pope Pius VI and delivered him to Avignon ^[3] . In 1801 he participated in the siege of Mantua . In 1802, he fought with partisans in southern Italy. Joined the Masons .

Until 1807 he served in Italy. April 6, 1807 in Silesia, by decree of Napoleon , the Polish-Italian Legion was created, in which Khlopitsky received the rank of colonel and was appointed commander of the 1st regiment . After the capture of Prussian fortresses in Silesia, the legion was transferred to Westphalia .

On March 31, 1808, the Polish-Italian Legion was disbanded, and on its basis the Vistula Legion was created, led by Khlopitsky. In 1808-1812, Khlopitsky with his legion (Polish brigade) fought in Spain. He participated in the first and second sieges of Zaragoza and the Battle of Tudela , the siege of Tortosa , the siege of Valencia .

He was promoted to brigadier general, awarded the Orders of the Legion of Honor (officer) , Iron Crown (cavalier) , Virtuti Militari (commander) , the title of Baron of the French Empire and 12 thousand francs of annuity.

He participated in Napoleon’s campaign in Russia (the commander of the first brigade of the legion, which now consisted of two brigades under the general command of General Clapared ). During the battle of Borodino , the legion was put forward under a hurricane bombardment of Russian batteries, Pole officers ordered the soldiers to lie down on the ground, but they remained standing, which caused terrible losses. Among the other wounded was Colonel Khlopitsky. Until December 1813 he was undergoing treatment in France, after which, being offended for not receiving the rank of division general , he resigned. In 1814, Alexander I was accepted into the Kingdom of Poland Army with the rank of lieutenant general. He commanded the 1st Infantry Division . In October 1818, he resigned for personal reasons. In 1830 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne of the 1st degree.

During the Polish uprising of 1830, he was elected dictator of the uprising. Khlopitsky held politically moderate views and, not believing in the possibility of a military victory of the rebels in a clash with the forces of Russia and in the possibility of European intervention in favor of Poland, tried to resolve the crisis through diplomatic means. For this, he was fiercely attacked by the radical democratic wing of the rebels, the "club players," who set about expanding the uprising and supporting Europe. However, the popularity among the people who believed in Khlopitsky as a military genius capable of saving Poland paralyzed the opposition of the club players. Khlopitsky sent for negotiations with Emperor Nicholas I Francis-Xavier Drutsky-Lyubetsky . After Lyubetsky returned with the news that Nikolai was not going to comply with the requirements of the Poles and did not promise them anything but an amnesty, Khlopitsky lost popularity and on December 18 resigned his dictatorial powers. As the general participated in the battle of Grokhov , he was seriously wounded.

He left for Krakow , and from there to Austria and left the military and political field forever and lived in solitude until his death.

The general in Ukraine in the village of Radokhintsi, Mostysky district, Lviv region, left his son Grigory Khlopitsky. The son of Gregory was Stepan Khlopitsky. Stepan's son was Ivan Khlopitsky. The eldest daughter of Ivan is Gann, born in 1928. lived in Poland, Gliwice , daughter Irina Khlopitskaya lives in the city of Kamenka-Bug, Lviv region. The youngest daughter of Ivan - Zinovia Khlopitskaya lives in the city of Simferopol, Republic of Crimea.

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  Polish Lancers with captured Spanish banners at Tudela.

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  Khlopitsky in 1831.

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  The wounded General Khlopitsky is carried on the attack (at the Battle of Grokhov (?)). Book illustration.

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  Pistols donated by Khlopitsky Lafayette . Krakow. National Museum .

• Military encyclopedic lexicon // ed. 2. - Militair-Conversations-Lexicon.
• Khlopitsky, Gregory-Joseph // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Khlopitsky, Joseph // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
• Shikanov V. N. Generals of Napoleon. Biographical Dictionary. - Reittar, 2004 .-- S. 205.