Herbert Kappler ( German: Herbert Kappler ; September 23, 1907 , Stuttgart , Baden-Württemberg , German Empire - February 9, 1978 , Soltau , Lower Saxony , Germany ) - Obersturmbannführer SS , commander of the Security Police and SD in Rome. In this post he organized a massacre in the Ardeatinsky caves .
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Content
- 1 Biography
- 1.1 World War II
- 1.2 After the war
- 2 notes
- 3 Literature
- 4 References
Biography
Herbert Kappler was born on September 23, 1907. After studying mathematics at the Technical University of Stuttgart, Kappler worked as an electrical engineer in various Württemberg campaigns. August 1, 1931 joined the NSDAP . In 1933 he became a member of the SS . In 1936 he joined the Gestapo of Stuttgart . In 1937 he passed the exam for a police inspector and completed his studies at the police academy in Berlin .
World War II
In the spring of 1939 he was sent to Rome , where he became a liaison officer in the Italian police. In 1942, he became a military attache at the German embassy in Rome. September 10, 1943 was appointed commander of the security police and SD in Rome. In this position, he developed plans for the deportation of Italian Jews to concentration camps. On the night of October 15-16, 1943, 1,259 people were arrested, of whom 1,007 were deported to Auschwitz . Kappler was also responsible for the massacre in the Ardeathan caves. As a result of the guerrilla attempt on German police, 335 civilians were ordered to be shot.
After the war
In May 1945, Kappler was arrested by the British in Bolzano . In 1947, he was transferred to the Italian authorities. In 1948, he was sentenced by an Italian military tribunal to life imprisonment. Being in custody, he divorced his first wife. He then married nurse Annelise Kappler in 1972. Kappler was diagnosed with cancer in 1975, as a result of which he was transferred to a military hospital in Rome in 1976. Applications from his wife and West Germany for his release were rejected by the Italian authorities. In August 1977, Kappler's wife organized his escape to West Germany. The German government refused to extradite him to Italy . 6 months after the escape, he died in Soltau .
Notes
- ↑ Library of Congress Authorities - Library of Congress .
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ 1 2 3 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118720821 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
Literature
- Felix Nikolaus Bohr: Flucht aus Rom. Das spektakuläre Ende des “Falles Kappler” im August 1977. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 60 (2012), S. 111–141.
- Felix Nikolaus Bohr: Ermittlung nicht erwünscht. Das geplante “Restverfahren” im Fall Herbert Kappler: Ein Zeugnis deutscher und italienischer Vergangenheitspolitik (1959–1961). In: Themenportal Europäische Geschichte (2012), URL, (aufgerufen: 25. Juli 2014).
- JP Gallagher: Der Monsignore und der Standartenführer (Originaltitel: Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican: Hugh Joseph O'Flaherty). Deutsch von Margreth Kees. Verlag Styria, Graz, Wien, Köln 1968, 229 S.
- Ernst Klee. Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich . Wer war was vor und nach 1945. - 2 Auflage. - Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 2005 .-- S. 299. - ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 .
- Joachim Staron. Fosse Ardeatine und Marzabotto: Deutsche Kriegsverbrechen und Resistenza. Geschichte und nationale Mythenbildung in Deutschland und Italien (1944-1999). - Padeborn: Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag, 2002. - ISBN 3-506-77522-7 .
Links
- Herbert Kappler trialinternational.org . TRIAL International (13 June 2016). Date of treatment March 27, 2019.