Stanislav Valerianovich Kerbed ( Polish: Stanisław Kierbedź ; 1810 - 1899 ) - Russian engineer . Lieutenant General Engineer [1] (since 1868), Actual Privy Councilor (since 1881).
| Stanislav Valerianovich Kerbed | ||||||||||||
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| Stanisław Kierbedź | ||||||||||||
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| Date of Birth | February 26 ( March 10 ) 1810 | |||||||||||
| Place of Birth | Novy Dvor , Ponevezh district , Vilnius province | |||||||||||
| Date of death | April 7 (19), 1899 (89 years old) | |||||||||||
| Place of death | Warsaw | |||||||||||
| Nationality | Russian empire | |||||||||||
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Content
Biography
He was born in a noble family in 1810 in the estate of Novy Dvor (now the town of Nauyamestis ), located in the Ponevezh district of the Vilnius province - in the historical region of Aukstaitija . He studied first at the School of PRists in Ponevezh , then at the Coven Classical Gymnasium. In the years 1826-1828 he was a student at Vilnius University . After graduation, he went to St. Petersburg , where in 1831 he graduated from the Institute of Corps of Railway Engineers and was left with him as a tutor.
Since 1834, he lectured in applied mechanics in the officer classes of the Main Engineering School . In 1837-1849 he taught at the Institute of the Corps of Railway Engineers, as an assistant professor, construction and practical mechanics. In the period from June 1837 to September 1838, together with P.P. Melnikov, he was on a business trip abroad, visiting a number of European universities and examining communication routes in England, Belgium, France and Germany. In the report on the business trip, they concluded that “the railways represent the advantage of speed, which gives them a high purpose in the system of internal communications of states. <...> Despite this, one cannot prevent the widespread introduction of railways to completely supplant water communication systems, and these latter will always remain the most advantageous lines of communication for the transportation of heavy items of trade, despite their shortcomings. "
Upon his return to Russia in September 1838, Kerbed began to draft a bridge across the Neva. He also began lecturing in mechanics at the Mining Institute , at the Main School of Field Engineers and at the Marine Corps School. From August 1841 to 1843, he lectured in applied mechanics at St. Petersburg University .
In 1842, M. G. Destrem instructed Karbedz to complete the design of a permanent bridge across the Neva. The bridge, called Blagoveshchensky, was built during the years 1843-1850. At the beginning of construction, December 6, 1843, Karbed was promoted to lieutenant colonel ; at the end, in 1850 - to the colonels [2] , and then to the major general with the award of the Order of St. Vladimir of the 3rd degree. The St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences elected S.V. Kerbedz in 1851 as its corresponding member "in physics and mathematics." A. I. Delvig in his memoirs noted [2] :
Emperor Nikolai Pavlovich often visited the building and in various ways came to the conclusion that Karbed did not have any illegal benefits during the construction, which was then a rather rare exception.
In 1849, S.V. Kerbed completely stopped teaching, focusing on engineering.
In 1852, he was appointed deputy director for the construction of the Petersburg-Warsaw Railway and went abroad to get acquainted with new technologies and methods for building metal bridges that were to be built along the route of the new line. He visited England, Germany, Austria and Belgium. Soon he used his acquired knowledge by building a 55-meter bridge across the Luga. Thus, he laid the foundation for the use of iron grating farms in Russia (they were then called metal trusses of the Town system).
In 1856-1859 he supervised the construction of the Peterhof Railway .
In 1855 he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav of the 1st degree, in December 1857 - the Order of the Red Eagle of the 2nd degree. In 1858, in a ceremonial meeting on December 29, S. V. Kerbed was elected an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences [3] . In 1859 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne of the 1st degree.
Since January 1858, he was a member of the Council of the Main Directorate of Railways and Public Buildings of the Russian Empire . In July 1861, Karbed was appointed head of the VIIth District of Railways; from August 1862 to December 21, 1863 he was head of the Office of Railways in the Kingdom of Poland . At this time, he worked on a project of a bridge in Warsaw across the Vistula, for which he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 2nd degree on December 30, 1864.
In 1868 he was promoted to lieutenant general engineer, then renamed Privy Councilor [4] . In 1871 he was awarded the Order of the White Eagle
In January 1872, he was appointed chairman of the interagency committee at the Ministry of Railways, the result of which was the project of the St. Petersburg Sea Canal .
On the day of the 50th anniversary of service in officer ranks, July 2, 1879, S.V. Kerbed received the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky . In 1881 he was granted the rank of Actual Privy Councilor .
In July 1884, when the Council of the Ministry of Railways was divided into two departments - administrative and technical, Karbed was appointed chairman of the administrative department; since October 1887, he chaired the technical department (approved in this position in May 1889). Since 1886, he was a member of the newly formed Council on Railway Affairs. In 1886 and 1887, he repeatedly served as Minister of Railways and as a Comrade Minister in their absence in the capital. In 1889 he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 1st degree. On the day of the 60th anniversary of the service, he was appointed an honorary member of the Institute of Railway Engineers of Emperor Alexander I , in which he was for many years the chairman of the examination committee of two senior courses.
Karbed left the public service due to illness on August 9, 1891. He spent the last years of his life in Warsaw. He was buried in the Powzzki cemetery.
Engineering Buildings and Projects
- The Annunciation bridge in St. Petersburg (built in 1843 - 1850 ).
- Metallic railway bridge over the Luga River Petersburg-Warsaw railway. d. (1853-1857) [5] .
- Bridges on the Petersburg-Warsaw Railway through the Velikaya and Zapadnaya Dvina rivers (1853 project; not implemented due to the transfer of construction to the French) [6] .
- The author of one of the projects of the Sea Canal (from Kronstadt to St. Petersburg)
- Alexander bridge over the Vistula in Warsaw (1858-1864)
- The design of the suspension bridge across the Neva in St. Petersburg. (Presentation of the project of Karbedz) // " Journal of the Main Directorate of Railways and Public Buildings ." - SPb. , 1846.
Notes
- ↑ Engineering Gen. Leith. Mill. Valera. Karbed // Honorary members // Imperial Academy of Sciences // Address calendar. General list of commanders and other officials for all administrations in the empire, and for main administrations in the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Finland for 1865-1866. Part I. Authorities and places of central government and their departments. - SPb. : Published by the Imperial Academy of Sciences , 1865. - S. [b / n] (stb. 326).
- ↑ 1 2 Delvig A.I. My memories. T. 2: [1842-1858 .] - Moscow: Mosk. publ. and Rumyantsev. Museum, 1913. - S. 244.
- ↑ Profile of Stanislav Valerianovich Kerbedz on the official website of the RAS
- ↑ TS. Mill. Valera. Karbed // Honorary members // Imperial Academy of Sciences // Address calendar. General list of bosses and other officials for all departments in the Russian Empire for 1880. Part I. Authorities and places of central government and their departments. - SPb. : Printing House of the Governing Senate , 1880. - S. [b / n] (stb. 365).
- ↑ Zhitkov S., 1902 , p. 58-59.
- ↑ These were the first Russian bridge designs with metal parabolic trusses.
Literature
- Kerbed Stanislav Valerianovich // List of civilian ranks of the first three classes. Corrected on February 1, 1890. - SPb. : Printing House of the Governing Senate , 1890. - S. 54–55.
- Zhitkov S. Kerbed Stanislav Valerianovich // Biographies of Railway Engineers. - SPb. , 1902. - 45-69 s.
- Voronin M.I., Voronin M.M. Stanislav Valerianovich Kerbed. 1810-1899. - L .: “Science”, 1982.
- Punin A. L. Architecture of domestic bridges. - L .: Stroyizdat, 1982. - S. 42, 52, 53.
- Brave I.S. St. Petersburg. Three centuries of architecture. - SPb. : Norint, 1999 .-- 65 p. - ISBN 5-7711-0044-7 .