Kungrat (Uzbeks)

According to sources, the first groups of Kungrats at the end of the XIII - beginning of the XIV century began to move to settled in the Central Asian interfluve - on the territory of Khorezm, where in the second half of the XIV century the ruling dynasty was founded, that is, some of the Kungrat lived in the territory of Maverannahr until the 15th century.

The part of the Kungs remaining in Dashti Kipchak was part of the “ Uzbek ulus ” in the 30-60s of the XV century. At the beginning of the 16th century, a new group of Kungrat migrated to the Central Asian interfluve, which spread throughout almost the entire territory of Maverannahr and also in northern Afghanistan . Most likely, in the following centuries there was a mixture of early and late groups of Kungrat, as well as replenishment of their composition with a number of local tribal groups.

According to I.P. Magidovich , the ancestors of most of the Khorezm Uzbeks were the Kungs who lived in Khorezm until the majority of the Desht-i-Kipchak Uzbeks settled there. The Union of Kazakh Kungrat was created no earlier than the 15th century. In the invasion of the Sheybanids on Maverannahr, not the Kazakh Kungs participated, but the union of the Khorezm Kungrats ^[3] . There are other assumptions about how the Kungrat settled on the territory of Uzbekistan .

T. A. Zhdanko in his scientific works (1950, 1974) showed the ethnogenetic similarity of the customs of the Kungrats of Khorezm , Karakalpakstan and the lower Syr Darya. The fact that there is a genetic connection between the Karakalpak, Khorezm, Surkhandarya and Kashkadarya Kungrats is confirmed by the identity of the genera in their composition. Some Kungrats of Sherabad (Surkhandarya region) believe that their ancestors moved from Khorezm, which complements the above.

Uzbek Kungrats differ from Kazakh and Karakalpak Kungrats in that they marry their close and distant relatives, respectively, marriages and inheritance rights differ.

There is also a similarity in the genealogy of the Kungrat Uzbeks of Khorezm and Eastern Bukhara ^[4] . T.A. Zhdanko in his studies also pointed out that the genealogy of the Karakalpak and Khorezm kungrats is the same.

Eight ethnonyms exactly coincide among the Kungrats of Eastern Bukhara, their Khorezm tribesmen, and all Karakalpak clans: Achamaili, Bolgal, Bogazhel, Konjigali, Karakursak, Koshtamgali, Tortuvli and Tugiz (Togiz). Five ethnonyms of the Bukhara Kungrats and Uzbek-Kungrats of Khorezm are the same: Barak, Bobai, Zhilantamgali, Karabura, Nogai. The ethnonyms Aiinni, Akpichak, Baymokli, Goat, Cossack, Kaychili, Kanchi, Karabuyin, Hag, Kuldov, Copyhis, Kuyin, Kurama, Tarakli, Urus, Handakli, Chumichli, Irgakli, etc. coincide with the Karakalpaks. ethnonyms coincide with the Khorezm Kungrat and 12 with the Karakalpak ^[5] . Uzbek Kungrats differ from Kazakh and Karakalpak Kungrats in that they marry their close and distant relatives, respectively, marriages and inheritance rights differ.

A number of important information about Kungrat Uzbeks is contained in many research works ^[6] . According to the legends of the Kungrats themselves, the elder of their tribe was Kungirat-ata or Kungir-biy, who had four sons from his first wife: Vaktamgali, Kushtamgali, Konzhigali and Ainni (Ainli). Sons are considered the founders of the Kungrat clan. Kungirat-ata had another fifth son, Tortuvli, who was gifted to his younger wife. Thus, Kungrats are divided into five genera, each of which is divided into several small genera: 18 for Voktamgali, 16 for Kushtamgali, 14 for Konjigali, 12 for Ainni and 6 for Tortuvli. A total of 66 genera, which are also divided into even smaller family-related groups ^[3] .

According to 1924, 3,000 Uzbek Kungs were registered in Bukhara , 10,875 in Gijduvan , 1370 in Karman , 20,615 in Guzar , 325 in Shakhrisabz , 9,390 in Sherabad , and 9,890 in accordance with these. According to the data, in the territory of the Bukhara Khanate 14.5% of the Uzbek population were Kungrats ^[7] . In the lower reaches of the Amu Darya , 17 thousand Kungrats were registered ^[8] .

According to V.V. Reshetov , the dialect of the Uzbek Kungrat belongs to the Kipchak dialects due to the use of "g" ^[9] . Although at present the Kungrats on the territory of East Uzbekistan retained their ethnic name, division into small genera is not used.

According to anthropological data, in certain groups of Kungrats, the Mongoloid element was manifested to a lesser extent than in some Turkic-speaking groups who lived in the Central Asian interfluve from the early medieval era, which is additional evidence of the significant contribution of the local component to the composition of the Maverannahr Kungrat. ^[10]

It is known that in the epic of the Kungrat " Alpamysh " the plots of the Kungrat people and their Baysun-Kungrat homeland are reflected. There are Karakalpak, Kazakh, Khorezm and Surkhan versions of this epic. The described events occur mainly in the Baysun-Kungrat region. The famous hero of the Kungrat epic was Alpamysh.

Comparative studies of Uzbek, Karakalpak, Kazakh, Tajik, Altai, Tatar and Bashkir versions of the epic showed a certain affinity for Alpamysh in its Kungrat edition and Homer's Odyssey. According to the well-known specialist in this field - V. M. Zhirmunsky, “Alpamysh and Odyssey” seem to go back to the general, “eastern” (heroic) version of the ancient fairy tale plot. The evidence of the Odyssey allows us to attribute the existence of this version of the legend (the plot of the "return of the husband") to the VII century BC. ^[11]

Some researchers believe that the main part of the Alpamysh epos took shape in the 10th – 11th centuries in the lower Syr Darya and Aral Sea regions. ^[12] Although according to written sources, during this period the Kungrat lived in Mongolia, ^{[13] the} above information indicates that a certain part of the ancestors of the Kungrat, who were part of the Kazakh, Uzbek, Karakalpak peoples, lived in the Aral Sea region, long before the Mongol invasion. It is likely that the completion of the formation of this epic occurred in the Uzbek ulus in the XIV - the first half of the XV century.

The Uzbek versions of the Alpamysh epic differ from the Karakalpak and Kazakh ones in that they reflect the endogamous marriage traditions of the Uzbeks, that is, the main character Alpamysh marries his cousin, the daughter of his uncle.

Kungrat Dynasty (1763-1920) in Khorezm

• Muhammad Amin-biy , son of Ish Muhammad Yar-biy , biy of the Uzbek tribe Kungrat, inak Khorezm 1763 - 1790
• Avaz-inak , son of Muhammad Amin-biya , biy of the Uzbek tribe Kungrat, inak of Khorezm 1790 - 1804
• Eltuzar , son of Avaz-inak , Biy of the Kungrat tribe, inak of Khorezm 1804 , khan of Khorezm 1804 - 1806
• Muhammad Rahim Khan I , son of Avaz-inak , khan of Khorezm 1806 - 1825
• Allakuli , son of Muhammad Rahim Khan I , khan of Khorezm 1825 - 1842
• Rakhimkuli , son of Allakuli Khan, khan of Khorezm 1842 - 1845
• Muhammad Amin Khan , son of Allakuli Khan, Khan of Khorezm 1845 - 1855
• Abdullah Khan , son of Ibadullah Bek , Khan of Khorezm 1855
• Kutlug Murad Khan , son of Ibadullah Bek , Khan of Khorezm 1855 - 1856
• Said Muhammad Khan , son of Muhammad Rahim Khan I , Khan of Khorezm 1856 - 1864
• Muhammad Rahim Khan II p. 1845 , son of Said Muhammad Khan , khan of Khorezm 1864 - 1910 , in 1873 the khans of Khorezm, after the establishment of the Russian protectorate, the emperor of All-Russia was granted a common title on the origin of highness
• Asfandiyar Khan r. 1871 , son of Muhammad Rahim Khan II , Grace Valiahd 1891 - 1910 , Khan of Khorezm 1910 - 1918 , Suites E. I. V. Major General 1910
• Said Abdullah Khan 1870 - 1933 , son of Muhammad Rahim Khan II , khan of Khorezm 1918 - 1920 .

• Arabshahids
• Ashtarkhanids
• Mangyty
• Mingy
• Sheybanids
• Yaris

• History of Khorezm. Ed. I. Muminova. Tashkent, 1976
• Doniyorov H. Uzbek halkining shazhara wa shevalari. T., 1968.
• Zhirmunsky V. M. The epic tale of Alpamysh and the Odyssey of Homer // Folklore of the West and East. Comparative historical essays. M., 2004.
• Zadykhina K.L. Uzbeks of the Amu Darya delta. // Archaeological and ethnographic works Khorezm expeditions. 1945-1948. t.1. M., 1952.
• Mirzaev T. “Alpomish” reach, uning version of the VA variantari. // “Alpomish” - Uzbek hulk kahramonlik epic. T., 1999.
• Malikov A.M. From the history of the Kungrat of the Central Asian interfluve // ​​Contribution of nomads to the development of world civilization. Collection of materials of an international scientific conference. Almaty, 2008, p. 170-180