Goloshchekin, Philip Isaevich

From the family of a Jewish contractor. In various sources, Isai (Yiddish: Shaya or Shai) and Isaac, middle names Isaevich, Isaakovich, Itskovich are indicated as real names. Party nickname is Philip.

The wife, Berta Perelman, was born in 1876 in the family of a craftsman. She was arrested and sent into exile in the Narym Territory . In exile, Berta Perelman married Philip Goloshchekin. She died in 1918 ^[6] .

After graduating from a dental school in Riga, he worked as a dental technician. In 1903 he joined the RSDLP , a Bolshevik. He conducted revolutionary work in St. Petersburg , Kronstadt , Sestroretsk , Moscow and other cities. Member of the Revolution of 1905-1907. Since 1906, a member of the St. Petersburg Committee of the RSDLP, since 1907 - the responsible organizer and member of the St. Petersburg Executive Committee of the RSDLP. Since 1909 he worked in the Moscow Committee of the RSDLP, led it. In 1909 he was arrested and exiled to Narymsky Krai, in 1910 he fled. In 1912, at the 6th (Prague) conference of the RSDLP (he was its delegate from Moscow ^[7] ), he was elected a member of the Central Committee and its Russian Bureau. Then he was arrested again and sent to the Tobolsk province, to the city of Turinsk, from where he was transferred to the village of Demyanskoye of the Tobolsk district. In December 1912 he fled. In 1913 he was again arrested and deported to Turukhansky Krai in Siberia and released only after the February Revolution . In a letter from the exile to his wife, Yakov Sverdlov , who came close to Goloshchekin in exile, described his character in this way: “He became a shaped neurasthenic and becomes a misanthrope. With a good attitude to people in general, to abstract people, he is ugly picky about a specific person with whom he has to come into contact. As a result, there are contractions with everyone ... He spoils, creates unbearable conditions of existence for himself. It is bad that he has almost no personal connections ... ” ^[8] .

After the February Revolution of 1917, a representative of the Central Committee in the St. Petersburg Committee of the Bolsheviks, a delegate to the 7th (April) Conference of the RSDLP (b). In May, Yakov Sverdlov , sending Goloshchekin to the Urals, informed the local Bolsheviks: "Comrade Philip went to your Urals ... A man ... very energetic, with the right line" (Lenin Guard of the Urals, Sverdlovsk, 1967. p. 196). Member and secretary of the Perm Committee of the RSDLP (b), then a member and secretary of the regional committee. The delegate of the 6th Congress of the RSDLP (b) (July 2 - August 3). He was a member of the Perm, then Yekaterinburg Soviets, a member of the Executive Committee of the Ural Region Council. He formed and led the Red Guard .

All R. Oct as a delegate to the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of the RSD, he arrived in Petrograd. He entered the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee , participated in Oct. armament restores At the Second Congress of Soviets of the RSD, he was elected a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee . He participated in the negotiations of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee with Vikzhel . Goloshchekin recalled that before his departure to the Urals V.I. Lenin focused on delaying the convocation and the subsequent dispersal of the Constituent Assembly (see “From February to October,” M., 1957, p. 112-14).

Activities in Yekaterinburg

Upon arrival in November 1917 in Yekaterinburg, he sought the liquidation of the united Committee of People’s Power created here from representatives of a number of socialist parties. Participated in the liquidation of former local government agencies. Since December, a member of the Yekaterinburg Committee of the RSDLP (b). One of the organizers of the execution of the royal family in the basement of Ipatiev’s house in Yekaterinburg on the night of July 16-17, 1918 and the destruction of the bodies of those killed.

The delegate with the decisive vote at the 8th Congress of the RCP (B.) March 18-23, 1919.

Activities in Samara

From October 1922 to 1925, F. I. Goloshchekin was chairman of the Samara Provincial Council of Workers, Peasants and Red Army Deputies, chairman of the Samara Provincial Executive Committee and a member of the Provincial Committee of the RCP (B) ^[9] . He headed the provincial commission to combat the effects of hunger - “guberpostgol”.

October 23, 1922 Goloshchekin abolished martial law in the Samara province, introduced in connection with famine, epidemics and devastation ^[4] .

Under him, the NEP was actively developing in the city and the province, within the framework of which they restored the pre-revolutionary and created new industrial enterprises, revived transport, established the rural economy through the markets, organized a system of educational program (eradication of illiteracy) and cultural institutions (museums, theaters, etc.) .

Activities in Kazakhstan

From October 1925 to 1933 he held the post of first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan . The first event in Kazakhstan was the confiscation carried out in the fall of 1928 . 700 farms fell into confiscation, from which about 150 thousand head of cattle were taken (translated into cattle). According to Goloshchekin himself, the initial plans were twice as large, and they were going to confiscate farms from 1,500 heads (all further, according to the statistics of the 1920s, translated into cattle), and the total number of “semi-feudal bays” was to be 1,500 farms. But when the confiscation plan was approved by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the All-Russian Central Executive Committee , Goloshchekin was seized, and other norms were established: 400 goals - nomadic farms, 300 - semi-nomadic, 150 - sedentary. The total number of households decreased to 700 ^[10] . Up to 1 million Kazakhs became victims of politics (according to the official census). In 1931, 1 million 30 thousand people migrated, including 616 thousand irrevocably ^{[11] [12]} , hundreds of thousands fled to China .

The historian of the revolution V. L. Burtsev, who knew Goloshchekin, said of him:

This is a typical Leninist. This is a man whom blood cannot stop. This trait is especially noticeable in his nature: executioner, cruel, with some elements of degeneration. In party life, he was distinguished by arrogance, was a demagogue , a cynic . Kazakhs, he generally did not consider people. Before Goloshchekin appeared in Kazakhstan , he stated that there was no Soviet power here and that it was necessary to organize a “ Small October ”

Statements that for 7 years he never traveled outside the capital ^[13] and was not interested in how people live do not correspond to reality, in particular - in April 1931 Goloshchekin personally traveled to ten districts. The collectivization and dispossession under his leadership in Kazakhstan is remembered with a mixed sense of hatred and horror ^[14] .

Chief State Arbiter of the USSR

In 1933-1939 - Chief State Arbiter of the USSR.

Goloshchekin was arrested on October 15, 1939 and spent two years in a pre-trial detention center. He was accused of sympathizing with Trotskyism , preparing a terrorist act, excesses in the cause of collectivization, etc. ^[15] . Arrested in April 1939, the former People's Commissar of Internal Affairs N. I. Ezhov in his confession of April 24, 1939 mentions F. I. Goloshchekin as one of his homosexual partners ^[16] . He spent 12 months under investigation in Sukhanovskaya prison , after which he returned to Butyrskaya by August 1941 ^[17] . In October 1941, he was transferred to Kuibyshev in connection with the Wehrmacht's approach to Moscow . On October 28, 1941, along with other arrested people, he was taken to Barboshyna Polyana near the village of Barbos near Kuibyshev (now within the city) and shot there.

The name of Goloshchekin was twice mentioned in the Short History Course of the CPSU (b), published in 1938 (as part of the lists of the Central Committee and the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party), but after his arrest it was withdrawn (along with the name of Yezhov).

Rehabilitated in 1961 .

• A memorial sign was erected at the place of execution near Samara, on which is inscribed: “ It was erected at the burial place of victims of repressions of the 30-40s. Let us bow to the memory of the innocent victims ... ^[18]
• In 1976-90, one of the streets of Yekaterinburg bore the name of F.I. Goloshchekin ^[19]

• Collectivization in Kazakhstan
• The execution of the royal family
• Famine in Kazakhstan in 1932-1933
• Barboshina glade
• Great terror
• Enemy of the people
• The executions of prisoners of the NKVD and the NKGB (1941)
• Repression in the USSR
• Stalinist repression

• Buzunov V., Moiseeva E., Talented organizer, in the book: Lenin Guard of the Urals, Sverdlovsk, 1967;
• Plotnikov I.F., At the head of the roar. fighting in the rear of the Kolchak troops. Si6. (Ural-Sib.) Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (B.) In 1918-20, Sverdlovsk. 1989.
• Shishanov V. Surname from a postcard // Vitebsky Prospect. 2006. No 51. Dec 21 C.3.