Vishnevsky Felix Evgenievich (1902, Moscow - 1978, ibid.) - Soviet museum figure, collector, Honored Worker of Culture of the RSFSR (1975), founder of the museum V. A. Tropinin and Moscow artists of his time (1969).
| Felix Evgenievich Vishnevsky | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | August 30, 1902 |
| Place of Birth | Moscow |
| Date of death | December 5, 1978 (aged 76) |
| Place of death | Moscow |
| Citizenship |  the USSR |
| Occupation | collector art critic museum expert |
| Father | E. F. Vishnevsky |
| Awards and prizes |
|
 External Images | |
|---|---|
 | Felix Vishnevsky on the site of the museum of V. A. Tropinin |
Biography
Born on August 30, 1902 in a wealthy Moscow family of hereditary merchants and Russian-Polish noblemen Vishnevsky [1] . Father - Evgeny Feliksovich Vishnevsky (? —1923), architect, major specialist in decorative and applied arts, collector, last chairman of the Moscow Art Society [2] , one of the founders of the Society of Friends of the Rumyantsev Museum (1913) [1] [3] . As a collector, he had letters of protection from the Commission for the Protection of Monuments of Art and Antiquities, beginning in 1919 [4] . Together with his brothers Leo and Felix, he owned a bronze foundry [5] , located on Ladoga , 12.
Under the guidance of his father, Felix Vishnevsky begins to engage in collecting activities and participate in organizing the First Proletarian Museum in Moscow, which opened on November 7, 1918 in the former mansion of the wine merchant O. P. Leva on 24 Bolshaya Dmitrovka [6] . Since 1919 he worked in the College for Museums and the Protection of Monuments of Art and Antiquities of the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR [2] . In 1920 he graduated from the 2nd Moscow State Treasury School (later 107 second-level school) [1] .
In 1925-1928 he worked as a junior researcher in the department of Professor V.K. Klein at the State Historical Museum [2] and at the same time studied at the faculty of fine arts of Moscow State University [1] [4] . In 1928, he was a member of the expert commission on the evaluation of objects of the Museum of New Western Art , selected by the Glavnauka for export [7] .
In 1928, he was repressed and deported from Moscow with partial confiscation of collections. He lived in Kostroma , where he worked first as an expert on church values in the local Cheka, then until 1933 - as a researcher at the Kostroma Basic Museum [1] . He served a further link as an engineer at the Kostroma plywood factory [1] . All these years he continued to replenish his collection. In 1946-1948, Vishnevsky was again repressed with confiscation of property. After serving his sentence in a camp near Nerekhta , he was rehabilitated and restored to his rights with an almost complete return of the assembly [1] .
In 1948, he moved closer to Moscow and lived in Losinoostrovskaya cottage , continuing to collect, buying things in thrift stores, buying up and from private individuals [8] [9] . Since that time, Vishnevsky has become a regular at the well-known antique store on Arbat , whose employees have been repeatedly arrested [9] , and store No. 27 of the Moskomissiontorg [1] . Vishnevsky had excellent knowledge of the technique of restoring furniture and wooden objects, often he restored his finds and acquisitions [9] . He repeatedly involved Alexander Korin in the restoration of works of art [10] .
In the second half of the 1950s, the collector closely approached the museums of Moscow and Leningrad , and participated in systematic exhibitions. In 1956–57, he organized an exhibition of unique fans of the 18th – 19th centuries in the Ostankino Palace and Museum , which, after the end of the exhibition, became part of his collection [4] . From 1958 to 1969, Vishnevsky worked as a senior researcher in the State Museum of A. S. Pushkin [4] .
Vishnevsky is the first private collector in the USSR, who in 1964 achieved the registration of the most valuable part of his collection (132 works) for state registration [2] [4] .
In museum circles, Felix Vishnevsky was known as a connoisseur of art and a donor - he donated to various galleries of the country about one and a half thousand works of fine and decorative art [2] , many of which were reproduced in the album-catalog “A Priceless Gift”, which was published at 100- the anniversary of the collector [11] .
According to the memoirs of contemporaries, he was an extraordinary person:
| I meet him somehow. The weather is bad. Vishnevsky's face glows. We go into the front door of the first oncoming house. Felix Evgenievich is overwhelmed with happiness. Gently unfolds oilcloth, paper: “This is a drawing of Tropinin himself! “He damn knows what, he didn’t have a decent jacket. Once, my wife and I were amazed that in slushy weather, right on woolen socks, galoshes were tied with ropes.Professor N. B. Korostelev [12] . |
| Felix Evgenievich said: do not neglect anything! If you meet somewhere a thing that is not even related to the topic, but unnecessary to another owner, disappearing, take it away, study it, and restore it. Maybe you will exchange for something you need. Or give it, give it to another storehouse.Founder, first director of the museum A. S. Pushkin A. Z. Crane [13] . |
Museum of V. A. Tropinin
In 1965, Vishnevsky received as a legacy from a well-known ethnographer and economist Professor Nikolai Georgievich Petukhov (1879-1965), who came from a merchant family, a mansion located at 10 Shchetininsky Lane , consisting of a house and a courtyard outbuilding with a total area of 365 sq.m . with a large garden [8] . In the mansion of the merchants Petukhov, he lives and places his collection, which was based on paintings, watercolors and graphic works by Vasily Tropinin , Peter Sokolov , Vladimir Gau , Vladimir Borovitsky , Fyodor Rokotov , Karl Bryullov , Isaac Levitan and other famous masters of the 18th-19th centuries [10 ] [14] . Works of other types of fine art were widely represented: sculptures and drawings, porcelain, carved bone, snuff-boxes, watches and other decorative and applied art [15] .
In 1969, Vishnevsky presented Moscow part of the Petukhovs' mansion and 200 works to establish the museum of V. A. Tropinin and Moscow artists of his time in it [2] . The museum was opened on February 11, 1971 . Until the end of his life, Vishnevsky worked there as the chief curator of the museum and lived on the mezzanine of a manor house.
The collector did not intend to stop at the creation of one museum. In the future, he planned to open the museum of I. I. Levitan in his workshop - about 30 paintings by this artist were in the collection of the collector [16] .
It has been suggested that Vishnevsky was forced to transfer collections and real estate to the state in return for his freedom [17] [1] [8] . Thus, the famous Russian lawyer Alexander Bonner, based on the materials of the criminal case, reveals his version of the history of the creation of the museum of V. A. Tropinin . In 1969, a Soviet resident in London came across an article in an English newspaper about a Moscow exhibition, the basis of which was exhibits from the Vishnevsky collection. It said that the collection is estimated at two million pounds. The note was sent to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU , and the KGB began to work on Vishnevsky [1] .
In 1975, Vishnevsky was awarded the title of Honored Worker of Culture of the RSFSR [18] [8] .
He died suddenly on December 5, 1978 in Moscow, and was buried at Vvedensky cemetery [2] . His descendants still live in the former outhouse of the Petukhov estate [8] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Bonner A. T. Selected works: in 7 vol. T. VII. The fate of artists, art collections and the law. M .: Prospect, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Russian Museum Encyclopedia. - M., 2001. - T. 1. - S. 97.
- ↑ Rumyantsev Museum. Virtual reconstruction
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 On the 115th anniversary of the founder of the Museum, V. A. Tropinin, Felix Evgenievich Vishnevsky (1903-1978)
- ↑ Kudryavtseva L. Enthusiasm of the collector // Spark. 1962. No. 9. P. 25.
- ↑ Maistrovskaya M.T. Proletarian museums of revolutionary Russia as educational centers of a new culture // Revolution in art and innovations in art education. Materials of the International Scientific Conference in Memory of A. A. Dubrovin, Rector of the Moscow State Art Academy named after S. G. Stroganov in 1999–2007 2017.
- ↑ Yavorskaya N.V. History of the State Museum of New Western Art. Moscow. 1918-1948. - M.: The Pushkin Museum. A.S. Pushkin, 2012.S. 149.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Filippov A. Vishnevsky and The Lacemaker. Why didn’t they plant a great Soviet collector // Russian newspaper - Week. 2018.No. 7661 (198).
- ↑ 1 2 3 Desyatnikov V.A. Collector // New World. 2007. No. 11.
- ↑ 1 2 Museum of V.A. Tropinin. - Moscow: Palaces and Manors, 2013. No. 126. P. 1—32.
- ↑ Borisova O. The Most “Moscow” Museum // Science in Russia. 2012. No 3. S. 93-101.
- ↑ Korostelev N. B. Autobiographical notes of N. B. Korostelev, professor of the Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M.Sechenova. - Moscow: Lika, 2002.P. 283-285.
- ↑ Crane A.Z. Museum Life. Moscow: Soviet Russia, 1979.P. 61-63.
- ↑ Kropyvnytsky G. D. Founder of the museum. Memoirs of F. E. Vishnevsky // Our Heritage. 1989. No. 1.
- ↑ Vishnevsky Felix Evgenievich // Moscow Encyclopedia. Volume I. Faces of Moscow: [in 6 books.] / Ch. ed. S.O. Schmidt. - M., 2007.S. 306.
- ↑ Butorov A. Moscow, as before, without Levitan // Literary newspaper. 2014. No. 51-52.
- ↑ Asriyants Sergey. Semyon Aria (inaccessible link) . New newspaper (May 7, 2007). Date of treatment July 10, 2016. Archived August 17, 2016.
- ↑ Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of August 28, 1975.