Ivanteevsky Dendrological Park named after Academician A.S. Yablokov - a 13- hectare dendrological park in the Ivanteyevka urban district of the Moscow Region , 15 km northeast of Moscow. It was established in 1936 as a base for conducting research work on acclimatization, selection and seed production of forest species. The arboretum was designed on the basis of the principles of combining free landscape and regular construction with group placement of trees and shrubs [1] . It is part of the property complex of the Ivanteyevsky nursery.
| Ivanteevsky Dendrological Park named after Academician A.S. Yablokov | |
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| basic information | |
| Square | 13 hectares |
| Established | 1936 year |
| Management organization | State Unitary Enterprise of the Moscow Region "Ivanteevsky Forest Breeding Experimental Nursery" |
| Location | |
| A country |
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| The subject of the Russian Federation | Moscow region |
Since November 2016, it has been under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Property Relations of the Moscow Region. The dendrological garden is located on the territory of the State Unitary Enterprise “Ivanteevsky Forest Breeding Selection Experimental-Nursery” at Russia, Moscow Region, Ivanteevka, ul. Zavodskaya, d. 8 [2] .
Content
History
In 1933, the USSR Government set the task of testing various types of forest plants and the development of new hybrid forms that are resistant to adverse factors, not rotting and durable, for the solution of which the Ivanteyevsky nursery was created. Using the tested species and hybrids of forest plants, it was planned to strengthen the banks of the Moscow-Volga canal and plant them with greenery.
In the autumn of 1936, the arboretum was also founded, in which it was planned to collect rare and exotic plants from around the world. The arboretum project was developed by academician Alexander Sergeyevich Yablokov . The park was laid out on the site of the former city dump, clearing it and dividing it into quarters, alleys and inter-quarter paths. [one]
By the beginning of World War II , over 1000 plant species from America, Europe, Japan, China, Siberia, the Far East had been planted in the arboretum for testing, but the harsh winter of 1941-1942 did not spare most of them - only 367 species survived. In the course of many years of testing, the composition of the collection was reduced.
From 1945 to 1990, work on artificial crossbreeding of trees continued. As a result of work on variety testing and cultivation, 27 hybrids bred in the Ivanteyevsky arboretum were assigned the status of a variety. They are listed in the State Register of varieties of the country approved for use. All varieties are characterized by high productivity, productivity, resistance to pests and diseases, decorativeness and frost resistance. These are varieties of fir, poplar, hazel, spruce, willow. The Ivanteevsky Dendrological Garden served as a scientific and production base for students and specialists of the Moscow Forestry Institute, students of the Pravdinsky Forestry College, students of the Institute for Advanced Studies, and leading forestry specialists. It held practical training in breeding, genetics, introduction and seed production of forest species, tested the technology of growing planting material [1] .
Since 2016, it has been managed by the Ministry of Property Relations of the Moscow Region.
Description
General characteristics
The dendrological park consists of two parts: the first is the dendrological park with an exposition of trees and shrubs (arboretum), and the second is the breeding department. The arboretum occupies 4 hectares and has a regular layout - the main larch alley, directed from north to south, divides it into two parts. The selection department occupies 9 hectares, which are divided into areas bounded by viewing paths, in which scientific work was carried out to develop new forms and hybrids of trees and shrubs of forest species.
In the works on distant interspecific and intraspecific hybridization, the following species were used:
- Nuts and hickory (walnut): Manchurian walnut, gray American walnut, walnut, black American walnut, Japanese walnut, pecan, white hickory, pterocaria (Caucasian and Chinese);
- Larch : Siberian, European, Japanese, Daurian, American, false larch, etc.
- Poplars : aspen, white poplar, white poplar, gray poplar, Bollen poplar, aromatic poplar, sedge, Berlin, balsamic, etc .;
- Pines : cedar pines (Siberian and Korean cedars), Rumeliya and Weymouth pine, Scots pine, Murray pine, etc .;
- Fir-trees : ordinary, prickly, Tien Shan, Canadian, Sith;
- Fir : Siberian and others;
- Birch : warty, fluffy, paper, stone, Karelian, kapokoreshkovaya, etc .;
- Common hazel (many forms), southern hazelnuts, subtropical (many varieties);
- Willows : white (geographical races), fragile (geographical races);
- Maples : holly, red, ash-leaved, etc .;
- Lilacs : common (many varieties), Hungarian, Amur.
As a result of distant hybridization, hybrids with a pronounced heterosis of growth, fruiting and resistance were obtained: nuts, hickory, larch, cedar pine, spruce, aspen, willow, birch, hazel, as well as new, very decorative varieties of winter-resistant pyramidal poplars, lush flowering lilacs et al. [1]
Biological Diversity
As of 2018, more than 100 species of trees and shrubs belonging to 24 families and 55 genera of forest species grow in the arboretum.
The dendrological garden is divided into 17 quarters, each of which contains several sites. Each quarter is assigned a serial number, sections are indicated by the letters of the Russian alphabet. Plants in the arboretum are placed according to the botanical and geographical principle.
The first 6 quarters are occupied by rocks from the USA and Canada, quarters from 8 to 10 - by rocks of the Far East, Siberia, Japan and China, quarters 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 - by rocks from Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus.
The southern border of the dendrological garden is separated from the breeding department by a single-row planting of poplars . North side - protected by a strip consisting of ordinary spruce, Amur velvet, red maple. Along the western, eastern, and southern borders of the dendrological garden and the selection department, a live two-row hedge of hawthorn was planted.
In the exposition of the arboretum in areas occupied by rocks of the Far East, Japan, and China, Amur velvet trees (Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) Grow. A unique relict species that has been preserved since the pre-Ice Age. The antiquity of origin is indicated by a special type of branching of shoots. Russian corkfish, has a very beautiful bark texture, springing under your hands, a crown and complex leaves that acquire a bright yellow eye-catching color in the autumn.
Fir Semenov (Abies Semenovii Fedtsch.) - a representative of the mountain forests of the Tien Shan , a rare exotic, due to the limited distribution area, it is listed in the Red Book of rare and endangered species of animals and plants in the former USSR (M., 1978).
Hybrid fir varieties “Pushkinskaya original” and “Ermakovskaya”, selected by students of academician A. S. Yablokov, are distinguished by a high degree of decorativeness - a beautiful, slender, evergreen, coniferous tree, with “fluffy” needles on top - bright green, below - whitish and clear architectonics of the crown.
Varieties of hazelnuts selected by A. S. Yablokov and his students are winter-hardy, with a yield of nuts in Central Russia of 3-4 kg from a bush, they are distinguished by high palatability of a nut.
Schisandra chinensis (Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.) - Distributed in the Manchu floristic region of China. Fruits are highly regarded in medicine.
- Park biological diversity
Fir Semenov (Abies Semenovii Fedtsch.)
Fir "Original Pushkinskaya"
Grade "Academician Yablokov"
Schisandra chinensis (Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.)
Amur Velvet
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 A.I. KORNIENKO. The history of the creation of a dendrological park on the territory of VNIIILM (Pushkino, Moscow Region) (from the memoirs of A.I. Kornienko) / M.F. Nezhlukto. - Pushkino: Printing house of the All-Russian Research Institute of Forestry and Forestry Mechanization, 2014. - 96 p. - ISBN 978–5–91219–205–1.
- ↑ State Unitary Enterprise of the Moscow Region “Ivanteevsky Forest Breeding Experimental-Indicative Nursery” (Inaccessible link) . ivanles.ru. Date of treatment December 6, 2018. Archived July 21, 2018.