Egalitarianism ( Template: Lang-fr égalitarisme , from égalité - equality) is a concept based on the idea of creating a society with equal political , economic and legal opportunities for all members of this society [1] . The opposite of elitism .
It can be considered as a kind of utopian socialism , - based on universal equality as the basis of social life. In the sociology of the family, egalitarianism recognizes for spouses equal rights in self-realization. The principles of egalitarianism underlie the programs of various political parties.
Content
History
Plato preached the political equality of men and women, Aristotle - the political equality of free citizens. Christian egalitarianism - equality before God of all people (with different meanings of the word "egalitarianism"). The term gained modern understanding in the XVII - XVIII centuries during the revolutionary actions of the bourgeoisie , combining with the demand for freedom ( Fr. liberté ) and fraternity ( Fr. fraternité ): " Freedom, Equality, Brotherhood ." Theoretical and philosophical was substantiated in the works of Hobbes , Locke , Rousseau , Babeuf and other thinkers. From these teachings the ideas of democracy and civil society arose.
In addition, egalitarianism was identified with uniformity, subordination of the personality of a community, “egalitarianism” - in the works of Thomas More , Tommaso Campanella .
Egalitarianism and other ideologies
Radical left-wing political philosophies, such as Marxism and anarchism , allow the maximum political and economic equality of people. Marx argues that if you translate the theory of the catastrophic offensive of socialism into the language of sociology, changing the height and profile of economic stratification can be almost limitless. At the same time, Marx considered this trend to be only temporary, which, after a social upheaval, should be supplanted by the opposite, aimed at the destruction of economic stratification itself. This means that Marx admitted the possibility and necessity of “unlimited change in the economic form of social organization from an extremely relief profile to an absolutely“ flat ”form of a society of economic egalitarianism” [2] .
In modern conditions - the Social Democrats are moderate egalitarian, seeking a compromise between equal opportunities and equal results , and advocate for smoothing property and income differences; The main tool they consider state regulation (tax policy, subsidies , social programs that can be combined with the concept of a welfare state ).
Neocons - negatively on the idea - considering it:
- contradicting:
- The principle of freedom ;
- Nature of man ;
- undermining effective functioning:
- Society
- Its economic system;
- generating dependent moods.
Examples of egalitarian movements are:
- religious sects:
- Anti papist in Catholicism ;
- Orthodox mantis ;
- with some limitations:
- State of Sarbedar in Iran ;
- Arioi Lodge in Polynesia [3] .
See also
- Equality before the law
- Social equality
- Traditionalism
- Yante's Law
- “ From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs ”
Notes
- ↑ T. D. Dlugach. Egalitarianism / New Philosophical Encyclopedia . M .: Thought, 2000-2001. - ISBN 5-244-00961-3 .
2nd ed., Rev. and extra. - M .: Thought, 2010 .-- ISBN 978-5-244-01115-9 . - ↑ The ultimate goal and movement of social democracy: V.N. Konovalov. Economics and politics . polbu.ru. Date of treatment January 21, 2019.
- ↑ Kaitukov V.M. Evolution of a dictate. Experiences of the psychophysiology of history. M .: Nord, B / g. 415 p. - Chapter 2
Literature
- Political science. Vocabulary. - M: RSU. V.N. Konovalov . 2010.