Henry de Beaumont, 1st Baron Beaumont

Origin

Henry came from a noble French family of Brienns , whose representatives took an active part in the Crusades . His father, Louis de Brienne (died after September 1, 1297), was one of the sons of John (Jean) de Brienne , King of Jerusalem and the emperor of the Latin Empire , from marriage to Berengaria of Leon . Louis, who wore the nickname “Acre” by birthplace, was brought up with the brothers Alphonse and Jean at the court of his relative, King Louis X. of France of France. He married Agnes de Beaumont, heir to Raoul VII , Viscount de Beaumont-o-Man ^{[K 1]} , thanks to which he inherited the titles and possessions of Viscount de Beaumont ^[2] .

Louis left three sons. The eldest, Jean I de Beaumont , eventually inherited his father's possessions in France. Henry was the youngest of the sons of Louis ^[2] .

Young years

Henry was born around 1380. As a younger son, he could not count on the inheritance of his father. Since his father was a relative of Eleanor of Castile , the wife of Edward I , the King of England ^{[K 2]} , it is possible that the Queen of England contributed to marriage, Henry's sister, with , confined to Edward I, signed in 1279 or 1280 . And for Isabella later two of her brothers moved to England - , who later became the , and Henry ^[3] .

In England, Henry soon found himself in the close circle of the king. In 1297 he was made a knight of the royal court. Regularly participating in wars with Scotland, Henry became close to Prince Edward , the heir of Edward I (the future king Edward II) ^[3] .

Career with Edward II

After accession to the throne of Edward II in 1307, Henry de Beaumont quickly made a career at his court. In 1308 he was made one of the caretakers of Scotland (south of the Fort), and on March 4, 1309 he was called to parliament as Baron Beaumont. Henry also received numerous estates in Lancashire , which later increased even more due to the inherited Lancashire estates of his sister Isabella, who died in 1334. In addition, in 1310-1312, Henry was placed under the control of the Isle of Man , which caused discontent among the nobility ^[3] .

Influence on Edward II favorites caused discontent of the nobility and led to a political crisis. In 1309, the barons forced Edward II to appoint an executive council of the Lord Ordainers , whose goal was to carry out reforms in England. The king was forced to make concessions, and on March 17, 1310, it was announced that over the next 18 months, the Order Lords would "predetermine and strengthen the kingdom and the royal court in accordance with law and common sense." In 1311, the ordiners demanded that the king remove Henry Beaumont and his sister Isabella from the court, and also hand over the management of Maine to a “good Englishman” (which shows one of the reasons for Henry’s unpopularity). However, these requirements were not met, Henry remained at the royal court until 1323 ^{[3] [4]} .

During the reign of Edward II, Henry was regularly used for missions abroad. In addition, Henry was closely associated with the king’s attempt to appoint his brother, Louis, to be the bishop of Durham. This led to the fact that in 1317, Henry and Louis were captured by Thomas Lancaster , the leader of the baronial opposition, for their release was required to pay a ransom. Henry's participation in the royal army at Borobridge in 1322, in which Thomas Lancaster was defeated and later executed, was a kind of revenge for the captivity ^[3] .

Around 1310, Henry married Alice Comyn , the niece of . This marriage made it possible for Henry to lay claim to the Scottish inheritance of his wife ^{[K 3]} . The struggle for these possessions, as before the favoritism of Edward II, largely determined the future career of Henry. The status of a destitute Scottish baron forced him to oppose the Anglo-Scottish armistice of 1323, forcing him to reconsider his political views. Although Henry still enjoyed the confidence of Edward II to be appointed one of the guardians of Prince Edward (the future Edward III), sent to France in September 1325 to bring France to the French king, homage to England’s French dominion, but a year later Henry was one of the main supporters Queen Isabella during the invasion of England ^[3] .

Career with Edward III

After the removal of Edward II, Henry was generously rewarded for the support of Queen Isabella, having received estates in Leicestershire . However, the Northampton Treaty of 1328 again transferred Henry to the opposition, because although the treaty guaranteed the return of the previously confiscated Scottish possessions of the English nobility (including Henry), the promises were not fulfilled. As a result, Beaumont was first involved in the uprising of 1328-1329 by Count Lancaster against Roger Mortimer , Queen Isabella's favorite and de facto ruler of the kingdom, after the collapse of which he fled to France. Later he was involved in the unsuccessful conspiracy of Count Kent ^[3] .

After displacement in 1330 by Edward III Mortimer and Queen Isabella, Henry was able to start a new career at the English court. He returned to England and, wanting to regain the Scottish possessions, became one of the supporters of Edward Balliol , who claimed the Scottish throne, taking advantage of the infancy of David II , the son of Robert the Bruce who died in 1329 ^[3] .

Edward Ballion was the son of King John I. Soon after the coronation of Edward III, his supporters began to overcome, demanding the return of their hereditary possessions in Scotland ^{[K 4]} . Although Edward III was bound by the terms of the Northampton Treaty, but neglected the requirements of the nobility (some were his friends and others devotedly participated in the battles on the side of his father and grandfather), so he decided to support the claims to the Scottish throne of Edward Balliol ^[5] .

Soon after the coronation, Edward III demanded that the regent of Scotland, Thomas Randolph, Count Morey, return the confiscated possessions to his subjects. However, there was no reaction, the repeated request was also ignored, so Edward III overlooked the fact that the North English nobility began to prepare the invasion of Scotland. As a result, on July 31, 1332, the army under the command of Edward Balliol set off for Scotland, where the regent died at that time. As part of this army, there were many "disinherited", including the anglicized counts of Angus and , as well as several hundred English archers. Henry de Beaumont was also in the English army ^{[3] [5]} .

The British almost did not test the resistance until, on August 10, they in Daplin Mure did not stumble upon a large Scottish army led by the new regent of Scotland - Domnall, the 8th Earl of Mar. Having secretly crossed the river, the Englishman at dawn. The Scottish army was destroyed, the regent was killed. The winners went to Perth, where Edward was crowned Scottish crown. However, soon but soon he was forced out of Scotland by a supporter of David II, Archibald Douglas . To return the crown, Edward Balliol turned to Edward III for help, promising territorial concessions. The English army, which included Henry Beaumont, defeated the army of supporters of David II on July 19, 1333 at the Battle of Halidon Hill , after which Edward Balliol again sat on the Scottish throne ^{[3] [5]} .

As a recognition of the achievements of Henry, he received the Scottish inheritance of his wife - the county of Buchan, and was also the Earl of Moray and the constable of Scotland. However, in 1334 Balliol was forced to flee to England, Henry Beaumont was captured by supporters of David II. Soon he was bought out and in 1335 participated in the Scottish campaign of Edward III, but in 1336 Edward Balliol was finally expelled from Scotland ^[3] .

Recent years

After 1336, England’s interest in Scotland declined. Henry lost his possessions in Scotland, his titles were never recognized there, although he was summoned to the English parliament in 1334-1340 as Count Buchan ^[3] .

In 1338, Henry accompanied Edward III to the Netherlands. There he died no later than March 10, 1340. His body was buried at in Lincolnshire. His estate was inherited by his son, John de Beaumont ^[3] .

Wife: earlier March 14, 1310 Alice Comin (until 1296 - until August 10, 1349), de jure the 8th Countess of Buchan, the daughter of Alexander Comin and Joan Latimer ^[6] . Children ^[1] :

• John de Beaumont (d. May 10/25, 1342), 2nd Baron Beaumont from 1340 ^[1] ;
• Richard Beaumont ^[7] ;
• John of Beaumont ^[7] ;
• Thomas Beaumont ^[7] ;
• Elizabeth de Beaumont (died October 27, 1400); husband: with approx. 1331 Nicholas Audley (c. 132 - July 22, 1391), 3rd Baron Audley of Heili from 1386 ^{[1] [7]} ;
• Catherine de Beaumont (died November 11, 1368); husband: David III Stretbogi (February 1, 1309 - November 30, 1335), titular Atoll county from 1326 ^[7] ;
• Isabella de Beaumont (d. 1361); husband: with approx. 1337 Henry Grosmont (d. March 24, 1361), Earl of Derby from 1336, Earl of Lancaster from 1345, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Earl of Leicester from 1351 ^{[1] [7]} ;
• Agnes Beaumont (died after 1459); husband: Thomas de Lucy (d. December 5, 1365), 2nd Baron de Lucy from 1343 ^[1] ;
• Joan of Beaumont ; husband: Falk Fitz-Warren (died 1349), 3rd Baron Fitz-Warren ^[7] .

• Maddicott JR Beaumont, Sir Henry de (p. 1280–1340), baron // Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. - Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004–2014.
• Bryant Arthur. The era of chivalry in the history of England / Trans. from English TV Kovalev, M. G. Muravyov. - SPb. : Eurasia Publishing Group, 2001. - 576 p. - 3 000 copies - ISBN 5-8071-0085-9 .

• BEAUMONT (English) . Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. The appeal date is October 21, 2018.
• Henry Beaumont, 1st Earl of Buchan (Eng.) . thePeerage.com. The appeal date is October 21, 2018.
• Brienne (Neopr.) . Racines histoire. The appeal date is October 21, 2018.