“Red wine of victory” - autobiographicalEugene Nosov 's story about Victory Day . Written 20 years later - his first story about the war.
Red wine wins | |
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Genre | story |
Author | Evgeny Nosov |
Original language | Russian |
Date of first publication | 1969 |
Every soldier who survived and returned home has his Victory Day . I have this, what I wrote in the story. There is nothing added, not invented, written exactly as it was in reality.
and this holiday will remain unforgettable, and one day my friend will tell about him,
and the people who survived the war will cry while reading the story “The Red Wine of Victory”.
First published in 1969 in the number 11 of the magazine " Our Contemporary ". The edition of a separate book of 1979 is decorated with engravings by Stanislav Kosenkov .
In 1988, the story was shot the same film-performance, and in 1990 - the film.
The author said that the type of mental warehouse of the hero of the story is most interesting for him, and generally characteristic of the heroes of his works: [1]
They often don’t have something to do - like Kopeshkin ... he returned from a war without a medal, and he dies ... [K 1]
Story
Military hospital in the suburban town of Serpukhov , the last days of World War II .
Wounded from different parts, but all of them were picked up in February 1945 in the Mazury bogs during the breakthrough of the East Prussian fortifications. Then there was an operating tent in a pine grove, a freight train converted into a sanitary train, and here they were in the hospital. Two of those who entered the ward were taken away in March ... and since then the beds are empty - the war is still going on, the soldiers at the front are still being killed and injured, but the wounded are no longer being taken to this hospital, it is under disbandment - the school building that occupies hospital, you need to return to school by September.
- What is it on the street? - asked Sasha Samokhodka.
- At home, people ...
- Girls go?
- They go.
- Beautiful? - tried to self-propelled.
Mihai said nothing. His head rocked monotonously in the frame of the window.
- What are you hard to say? Beautiful girls, then?
- BUT! - Mihai annoyedly brushed off his sleeves.
“He’s not up to the girls now,” said Borodukhov.
- Eh, brothers-Slavs! - With a bitter gaiety exclaimed Samokhodka.- I would be a girl! Doskandybai to my mother-Volga - such suffering will be reconnoitered, cones will sprinkle!
But we had no one to joke.
There are seven in the ward. The narrator is a 21-year-old artilleryman, wounded by okskolkis, hailing from Kursk. Sasha Samokhodka - so called for a leg in a cast, sticking out like a gun, he is from the Volga. The fourth time already wounded Mezen "forest forester" Boroduho. Sapper Mihai, originally from the Moldovan town of Falesti, he is the only one in the ward without a gypsum - he has both hands amputated. Riding private Ivan Kopeshkin - all killed, all in a cast, come from a village near Penza. And two Siberians - Saenko and Bugayev, from regimental intelligence, both with broken legs - one has right, one with dear left - and after crawling around, hugging each other and jumping from the chamber into the yard to smoke and play dominoes.
Life in the hospital goes on. But sometimes overshadowed by already peaceful battles.
That trick of a lieutenant in the private chamber of a cavalryman with the Golden Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union, who brought the nurse to tears due to the fact that he got darned pajamas - and everyone guessed about the reasons for his discontent: the Cossack went to the dormitory to the weavers. Only the head of the hospital, Colonel Turantsev, could besiege the Cossack hero: “To wear this Star, one breast is not enough. We must be treated for rudeness. "
It was the arrival of a photographer who offered to take a photograph, and to give those who wanted to have a combat look he had a whole set of “requisites” with him from somewhere - any combat awards, even the Order of the Patriotic War, or the Order of Glory - what the client wishes to do. A vigorous photographer, as it were, does not understand the cynicism of the proposal, and armless Mihai, who has only his medal “For Military Merit” - “Don't Needs It ... need to be others,” blushes for him. Translating into a joke the proposal of the photographer who creates his “art”, the guys put him out the door: “- Fat-eater ...” Borodukhov spat.
For the third month already they are in the hospital, suffering from wounds itchy under the plaster, rejoicing at the silence, complaining that they did not have to take Berlin. They are impatiently tossing and turning on their beds, constantly, scolded by the nurse for it, throwing open the windows - after all, spring has come ... after all, soon she will come - Victory!
Everyone is waiting for Victory, but she sneaks into the hospital unnoticed: in the evening, the soldiers learn that the hospital head, Colonel Tarantsev, ordered the Zvonarchuk headquarters to get wine. This is strange, because there is alcohol. There is silence in the hospital, but the entire hospital is not sleeping. The clock in the mediation room beat off three o'clock in the morning - “I suddenly felt keenly that the clock beat off some other, new time ...” ... a crimson rocket crumbles in clusters behind the window, others appear thicker and thicker, others burst out and river steamers. The city no longer sleeps, just as the hospital does not sleep, and Colonel Tarantsev does not even try to calm down the droning floors.
In the morning, the passing orchestra suddenly began to play " Get up, the country is huge ... ", it is picked up in the next chamber, then one floor above - and now the whole hospital sings - seeing off the great song leaving to the reserve. But as the last words fade away, right there, without a break - under the sound of heels and crutches, they famously sang a song, a song put on the “ apple ” motif: “Oh, Hitler-fascist, Where do you stamp ?! You will not reach Moscow - you will eat a bullet! ”
During the day, the hospital garden is filled with people, the music is playing - more and more waltzes. Lying inhabitants of the chamber can not go out and participate in the fun at the window. Forgetting that he has no hands, Mihai, swinging empty sleeves in the air, is trying to catch bouquets of girls thrown out the window. And for lunch, the nanny Aunt Zina, who was nursed on the occasion of the feast, carried the most delicious, festive soup from a wild boar extracted somewhere from Zvonarchuk.
In the evening, after drinking a glass of wine, soldiers from different parts of the same Motherland argue over which side is better. But you can not drink Ivan Kopeshkin, and you can not talk - he can not tell about his house. Trying to imagine what his house looks like, they draw a log cabin in three windows with a tree at the gate, and put the picture in bandaged hands. "And it seemed that Kopeshkin was quietly examining the drawing, recalling everything that was dear to him alone in that dry Zhitna, unknown and distant for the rest." But Kopeshkin was no longer ... And festive rockets flared up in the sky again.
Basis
The story is based on a real case. The author in an interview indicated that the story is completely autobiographical:
As for the story “Red wine of victory”, he is completely autobiographical. I wrote about my stay in the hospital. There, in the hospital, I was caught in the Victory Day. Every soldier who survived and returned home has his own day of victory. I have this, what I wrote in the story. There is nothing added, not invented, written exactly as it was in reality. The only thing - next to me was a Kazakh, and in the story lies Kopeshkin. And everything else is fully consistent with the experience.
- The author of the story Eugene Nosov , 1989 [2]
On January 8, 1945, the corporal Yevgeny Nosov was really badly wounded and met the Victory at a hospital in Serpukhov. [3]
The description of the last battle is contained in the award list for the Order of the Patriotic War, II degree, by E. I. Nosov - corporal, gun number 1969 of the anti-tank artillery regiment of the 44th separate anti-tank artillery brigade of the Belarussian Front 3rd Army:
8.2.45 with the appearance of 2 self-propelled guns " Ferdinand " at the edge of the forest, where the turn of the road to the bridge over the river. Dervents, in the calculation he opened fire on a self-propelled gun and burned it with a second projectile. Despite the strong enemy fire on the cannon, without regard for life, he did not leave the gun, he was seriously wounded from the rupture of the enemy projectile.
- award list signed by the head of the 1969 IPTAP Guards. Lieutenant Colonel Ilyin, February 9, 1945
In the story, the protagonist also gets wounded in a battle at the January breakthrough of the East Prussian fortifications in a battle with Ferdinand :
From somewhere on the Ferdinand crest on the dune crest, our first cannon was shot down by the very first shot. He cut us off with some sort of scrapping blow, sweeping out our entire calculation from the firing position.
- from the text of the story
The tragic details of that last battle are known from the words of Viktor Astafyev , to whom the author, as a friend, told about him in a personal conversation: [4]
He fought in the calculation of the anti-tank gun. The artillery division fought off fascist tankers, rolling guns onto the railroad tracks. And if it were not for this canvas! .. Some people rolled down the embankment, and the canvas closed them from tank tracks and machine guns. Someone was shooting back, someone was crawling, dragging guts behind him, someone shouted: “Do not give up, brothers!” - and clutched his legs; someone was dragging my friend, then someone was dragging feathers along his land. There will be a hospital, and not one, there will be suffering, there will be Victory Day ...
- according to Viktor Astafyev about the last fight of the author of the story of Evgeny Nosov
Criticism
Unlike many of his peers - front-line writers, E. I. Nosov turned to the topic of war only in 1969 - the story “Red wine of victory” - the first military work of the writer. At that time, Yevgeny Nosov was already a recognized writer - in 1972 the monograph by V. A. Chalmaeva devoted to his work was already published, but being known as the author of mainly village prose, he was not considered a military writer. In the early 70s, the theme of war in the writer's work will start to sound more distinctly, and soon critics will put it on a par with such masters of military prose as Vasil Bykov , Grigriy Baklanov , Yuri Bondarev , etc. But, in his military works, he will remain a “ village farmer ”: avoiding the battle scenes, will concentrate on the psychological image of the Russian peasantry — the entrenching soldiers: [5]
Sometimes it seems that the “village” prose of the writer of the 60s - 70s was a preliminary work before the embodiment of the main literary goal - to show the world the Russian peasant character, which showed itself especially brightly during the Great Patriotic War.
A.I. Khvatov in 1984 noted this peculiarity of the writer - the image of a soldier-peasant already in the first military story “Red Wine of Victory”:
Even in his best works, directly related to the theme of war, “Chopin, Sonata Number Two” and “Red Wine of Victory” - the war is rather a source of sad experiences and thoughts of the writer than a subject of a concrete everyday description. For the heroes of the “Red Wine of Victory” story, the war is essentially over. Wounded on German soil, they "from day to day, hour to hour, expected a close victory." A special content in this story is filled with the image of a soldier Kopeshkin. Kopeshkin himself says only a few phrases in the story. And he dies "unnoticed, lonely," and they buried him "as usual they buried in the infirmaries of completely distinguished soldiers." It is only said about the military affairs of this soldier that “Kopeshkin ... was listed as a wagon train, commemorating his uncomplicated peasant work in the war: harnessed, unharmed, fed-watered carriage horses. . . ”In those few and mean episodes that are associated with Kopeshkin, the writer emphasizes precisely the labor, peasant concerns of his hero.
- A.I. Khvatov - literary critic, doctor of philological sciences, professor, head of literature department of the Leningrad Institute of Culture [6]
Avoidance of battle scenes by the author noted Alexander Solzhenitsyn in an article about the work of Yevgeny Nosov in the magazine “ New World ”: [7]
Not one, to the depth of the well-tried, battle scene, he gave us. From time to time in his stories he left us with some sort of district, side signs of war. Here is a multi-week painful smoldering of wounded or disarmed in the hospital ward, in the vague obscurity of his recovery or death (“Red wine of victory”).
A.I. Kondratovich , a writer, literary critic, deputy editor-in-chief of the magazine “ New World ” called “first-class” a story:
He himself participated in the war and was seriously injured, which in his work to “Usvyatsky helmet-bearers” almost could not be expressed, except for the first-class story “Red wine of victory”, but he already about the last stage of the war, about the hospital where the wounded meet Victory Day. By the way, this story is quite bitter and not major at all: on Victory Day, a wonderful man dies in the hospital, leaving behind himself orphans, a widow, and “red wine of victory” is drunk alive, like “wine with sadness in half”.
- Kondratovich, Alexey Ivanovich [8]
The story is highly valued by critics and after half a century, while paying attention to the richness of the story, the breadth of the topics covered: [9]
The writer somehow managed in a small story to touch on many military topics: a hero without awards, a young man who became disabled, an “untimely” wound and the inability to bring the war to the end, falling in love with a nurse, the cruel meaninglessness of death, joy with tears in his eyes, the goal for which everyone is fighting - and much more.
The autobiographical story of a front-line writer is often viewed as a document. In one of the newspapers, with a series of publications on the 70th anniversary of the Victory in 2015, this story was preceded by the word of the rector: [10]
We tried to collect evidence of participants in those events. We were able to write about the blockade and the evacuation. But it turned out that there were no diaries or memories of veterans about Victory Day known to us. Therefore, today we are publishing a fragment of the story of Yevgeny Nosov. This story is also an eyewitness testimony ...
1997 Essay
In 1997, Yevgeny Nosov wrote an essay "Sketches under the drip" about his stay in the central regional hospital, published in the newspaper " Kurskaya Pravda " [11] and in the journal " Youth ". [12]
“Dotted Contact” of this essay by the writer with the story “Red Wine of Victory” was noted in the journal “ North ” by the writer Tatyana Gorbulina - the work of which EI Nosov himself once expressed with sincere admiration: “Atomic letter!”.
Having titled his article on this topic “War and Peace”, anticipating his epigraph from Ecclesiastes - “And never ask: Why were those days better than these ...”, Tatyana Gorbulina, in particular, compared E.I. Nosov’s description in these two works of the hospital of 1997 and the hospital of 1945, their atmosphere: [13]
In December 1997, I read these heart-burning words in Yevgeny Nosov's essay “Under the drip” ... And the memory “brought me back” to the distant forty-fifth — to E. Nosov's other story: “Red wine of victory” ...
What chasm has opened up between the modernly equipped central regional hospital of our days and that military hospital equipped in the old school ... But this chasm is not at all in the fitness of the building, not in the equipment and even not in the half-century that has passed since then, but in a qualitatively different atmosphere. In the hospital, musty atmosphere of soulful callousness and cruel individualism (had it not been so passionately called upon us all for individualism for so many years?) Medical staff still keep the front of humanism from a total breakthrough, but what is common between the functional "style" of the plaster shell, in which the mutilated soldier is chained , and the "prestigious" style of a coarse sports suit? What, after all, is there in common between this - the coming Future and the dreams about it - there, on the eve of the obtained inexplicable sacrifice of victory? ..
In the essay, you can see THIS time, and this “defeated” country, and the unpromising life of the people ... - just like in the long story “Red wine of victory”, you can see the inspirational time, then the full country of hope and the victorious country.
The essay "Under the drip" covers a strange epiphany: today, peaceful people, dressed in foreign outfit, WORSE, than soldiers in the story "Red wine of victory" - months suffering in pus-soaked gypsum. But, if you think about it, this is nothing strange. For today there is no high (non-kitchen) Goal, there is no national unity, there is no fraternal solidarity and no one needs anyone. And today's ordinary citizens are not expected to glory from the future, not a holiday, but - the payment of a pitiful salary, but - all this greater uncertainty about tomorrow. And you do not know which moment of history is more pernicious: war and glory, or distemper and the associated decline and glory? After all, the majority of the people ossified by television today’s “sacrifices” to Mars are in part entertaining (like a terrible American movie). But only death in such a “cinema” has no retroactive force.
As Alexander Solzhenitsyn noted in 2000, it was this mood that was characteristic of a writer at that time — the last ten years of his life: [7]
In the stories of Nosov of the 90s, the thickened bitterness of the abandoned, destitute, if not ridiculed veterans of the Great War appears more distinctly and drearily. It was necessary for the author to move away from the public oblivion of the front-line soldiers, shyness for military orders that are no longer needed, almost ridiculous, when young people are dancing around the “eternal flame” ...
And even wider, wider come the memories: and in the hospital, the yard of the dead lay above the fence; wide sledge drove them to mass graves.
Illustrations
One sheet seems to me a graphical equivalent of the name of the famous Nosovsky story, this tablet phrase "Red Wine of Victory". Here - three hospitalists, severely closed faceted glasses: "For the Victory!". We remember why it is red, this wine. We still remember ...
For the gift edition of the story published by Sovremennik Publishing House in 1979, graphic artist Stanislav Kosenkov prepared a cycle of 17 colored engravings “Red Wine of Victory”.
Work on engravings lasted eight months. At the same time, none of the engravings could be repeated in principle - it is unique: the graphic was made in the technique of colored linocuts (carving on linoleum) from one board - in this old, unique and complex technique at that time very few people worked, the artist took over her from Ostroumova-Lebedeva .
As for the writer, for the artist this was also the first appeal to the military theme. Although Kosenkov did not fight - he was born in 1941 - but this topic was also very important for him - his father went missing in August of the 41st. And on the engraving pentaptych “In memory of the father, Stepan Egorovich,” where on the very edge of the cliff the author portrayed a huge portrait of his father - “suddenly the chalky ravines of Belogoriya turn red in engravings, rhyming with the name of the famous story of E. Nosov“ Red Wine of Victory ”” . [14]
This illustrative cycle was exhibited at the Russian Republican and All-Union exhibitions.
As early as 1986, this series of engravings was reviewed in detail in the literary and artistic magazine “ Podyom ”: [15] [16]
In the “Wounding” sheet, we see a soldier’s figure broken up by an explosion on the battlefield and — a stain, turned upside down — a hut. The leaf is made in such a way that we almost physically feel the terrible, unnatural force that pushed a person off the ground and, before extinguishing consciousness in him, and perhaps life, for a moment showed in his memory his little homeland.
Before the sheet “Kopeshkin with a letter” you swallow a lump in your throat ... In the next sheet the bed is already empty. And on the nightstand, next to the snowdrops - a picture, home.
And in this cycle of linocuts, all the images are dramatic, psychologically deep, reliable. Whether it is armless Mihai, mutely crouched at the door, or the wounded face of a wounded man, like a sunflower, turned to the outside sunlight.
Part of the engravings: “Wires”, “Wounding”, “At the Window”, “May 9th”, “But Kopechkin Was Not Already” were kept in the funds of the Belgorod Literary Museum . [17] In 2015, the museum held their exhibition. [18]
Screenshots
1988 Movie Performance
In 1988, the film-play “ Red Wine of Victory ” was shot, directed by Konstantin Antropov , Central Television of the USSR State Television and Radio Committee .
The roles were performed by: Mikhail Gluzsky , Afanasy Kochetkov , Mikhail Zhigalov , Sergey Sazontyev , Alexander Kakhun , Alexander Kondrashov .
1990 film
In 1990, the film “ Red Wine of Victory ”, directed by Edward Dmitriev , “ Ukrtelefilm ” was released.
Roles performed by:
- Sergey Nikonenko - Nikonorych
- Evgeniy Leonov-Gladyshev - Sasha
- Alexey Zaitsev - Ivan Kapeshkin
- Vladimir Levitsky - Mihai
- Elena Morozova - Tanya, nurse
- Natalia Naum - Aunt Zina, the nurse
- Albert Filozov - Head of the Hospital
- Petr Benyuk - Zvonarchuk
- Boris Shevchenko - Sergey
- Alexander Kalugin - Bugaenko
- Vladimir Yamnenko - Saenko
- Evgeniy Vesnik - photographer
- Oleg Maslennikov - Kravtsov
- Osip Naiduk - Turovets
Editions
The story has been published many times, translated into foreign languages: [19]
- Bridge: stories and stories / E. I. Nosov. - M .: Sovremennik, 1974 - 187 p. // Red wine of victory - pp. 108-137
- Red wine of victory: the story / Art. S. Kosenkov - M .: Contemporary, 1979 - 71 p.
- Red wine of victory: stories and tales / Art. E. A. Kapustin - M .: Soviet Russia, 1971 - 271 p.
- In the open field ...: stories and stories / E. I. Nosov - M.: Izvestia, 1980 - 622 p. // Red wine of victory - pp. 191-220
- Red wine of victory - Novosibirsk: West Siberian Book Publishing House, 1981 - 278 p.
- Selected works: in 2 tons. / E. I. Nosov. - M .: Soviet Russia, 1983 // Red victory wine - Volume 2
- Red wine Victory. Chopin, sonata number two / Illustration on the cover of V. Komarov. - M .: Sovremennik, 1984 - 80 p. (circulation: 1,200,000 copies)
- Selected works: in 2. m. / E. I. Nosov. - M .: Fiction, 1989 // Red wine of victory - Volume 2
- Red wine of victory: stories / E. I. Nosov. - M .: Russian book, 1992 - 286 p. // Red wine of victory. - pp. 183-211
- Selected: Stories / EI Nosov. - M .: Children's literature, 2004 - 344 p. // Red wine of victory - pp. 185-219
- Collected Works: 5 t. / EI Nosov. - M.: The Russian way, 2005 // Red wine of victory - Volume 4 - pp. 227-250
Stages
In 2015, to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Samarskaya Square Theater, the story “The Bitter Taste of Victory” was staged. [9]
Comments
- ↑ For example, Gerasim, the hero of E. Nosov’s “Memorable Medal”, also returned from the war without a medal, and dies, but not in 1945, but 50 years later - in 1995.
Notes
- ↑ Lomunova M. Everything is big and honest. Visiting Eugene Nosov // Literary Russia, January 2, 1976
- ↑ 15 meetings in Ostankino - Politizdat, 1989 - 301 p. - p. 118
- ↑ Dorizo N. Prescribed forever. - True, 1970, October 1
- ↑ Astafiev V. About my friend. -In the book: Yevgeny Nosov. Usvyatskie slamonostsy. Novels and stories. Voronezh, Central-Chernozem. Prince publishing house, 1977, p. eight
- ↑ Abstract of the doctoral dissertation (2006) of Candidate of Philological Sciences N. A. Sudarikova “ Prose of E. I. Nosov about the Great Patriotic War: problematics and artistic originality ”.
- ↑ Alexander Ivanovich Khvatov - Soviet literature: history and modern times: a book for a teacher - Moscow: Enlightenment, 1984 - 254 p. - p. 242
- ↑ 1 2 Alexander Solzhenitsyn - Evgeny Nosov // "New World", 2000, № 7
- ↑ A. Kondratovich - Both Pahari and Soldiers (review of the film “Spring”) // Art of Cinema, No. 9, 1982 - pp. 56-60
- ↑ 1 2 Margarita Praskovyina, photo by Sergey Kurochkin. The bitter taste of victory. “Culture. Fresh newspaper ", number 9 for 2015
- ↑ Red wine victory. From the story of Evgeny Nosov // KIFA No. 5 (191), April 2015
- ↑ Nosov E. - Sketches under the drip. Kurskaya Pravda, 1997, December 23.
- ↑ Nosov E. - Sketches under a drip // Youth. - 2000. - № 3. - p. 12-27
- ↑ Tatyana Gorbulina - Rosary of Russian Fate // North Journal, No. 3-4, 2005
- ↑ Stanislav Minakov - Stanislav Kosenkov in space and time // Century, 1 November 2013
- ↑ Lifting - Issues 7-12, 1986 - p. 124
- ↑ Nikolay Shevchenko - Her Majesty the Need .. - “Veselitsa”, 1993 - Total pages: 268 p. - p. 171
- ↑ Kosenkov S.S. And Kopёshkina was gone. Illustration for EI Nosov's story “Red Wine of Victory”. 1979 | Project "Russian Museum: Virtual Branch"
- ↑ Elena Baitinger - Red wine, victories of Stanislav Kosenkova. The Literary Museum continues the series of exhibitions “The Artist and the Book” // BelPressa, February 16, 2015
- ↑ Nosov Evgeny Ivanovich. Bibliography
Literature
- Red wine of victory // Teacher's Newspaper, No. 17, April 27, 2010
- Tatyana Ryzhkova - Reading Yevgeny Nosov's story “Red Wine of Victory” // Journal “Literature”, № 8/2010
- Guseva V.P. - Wine. The wines. War: We read Yevgeny Nosov's story “Red Wine of Victory” // Library at school, No. 7, 2004 - pp. 22-25.
- Lomunova, M. - In everything - big and honest. Visiting Eugene Nosov // Literary Russia, January 2, 1976
- Sosnina, N.A. - “Red Wine of Victory” // Literature in school, No. 5, 2005 - pp. 40-41.