The Kharanyts ( Bur. Kharanuud, Mong. Harnuud) is one of the oldest tribes that were part of the Darlekin group of the Mongols . Currently, one of the largest and most widespread genera among the Mongolian peoples .
| Haranuts | |
|---|---|
| Modern self-name | Haranewood, harnwood |
| Abundance and area | |
 Buryatia  Mongolia  Inner Mongolia  Kalmykia | |
| Tongue | Buryat , Mongolian , Kalmyk |
| Religion | Buddhism , shamanism |
| Included in | Mongolian peoples |
| Related peoples | bulagates , honirates , olkhonuts , echirites |
| Origin | Mongolian |
Content
Ethnonym
The root of the ethnonym harnuud (haranuud) is from the Mongolian word har , indicating black color . The addition of the affix -nuud (-nuγud) to the word har ( bur. Hara ) formed the ethnic name haranuud (qaranuγud) [1] .
B. Z. Nanzatov, the ethnonym haranuud, as applied to the Kuda haranuts, was associated with the designation of the black suit of the horse, and with respect to the Oka (balagan) haranuts - with the soldiers of the black banner [2] .
History
Many researchers have addressed the issue of the origin of haranuts. So, B. O. Dolgikh believed that the word harnuud (haranut) was formed as a result of combining two words - har and namyat - with its subsequent transformation into the form now known [3] . Moreover, at present, among the Mongols there are genera both Harnuud and Khar Namiad (in Russian-language literature they are usually referred to as wrinkled) [1] . S. A. Tokarev believed that the haranuts are a separate group of khorchuns ( khorchins ) who inhabited the valley of the river. Or . However, in the sources of the period when the Buryats entered the structure of Russia, there are no references to the Ili korchuns ( Khorchins ) Harnuud. About korchyuny mention a little later, in documents of 1685 [4] .
As stated in the Collection of Chronicles , three children were born from Altan Sav (the Golden Vessel), who were distinguished by their intelligence and abilities. The eldest of the sons is Dzhurluk-Mergen (Zhurluk Mergen), the second is Kubai-Shire (Uhaa Shar), the third is Tusubu-Daud. Dzhurluk-Mergen became the ancestor of the Hongirat tribe . From the two sons of Kubai-Shire, Ikiras and Olkunut, Ikires (Ekhirits) and Olkhonuts went . The younger Tusub-Daud also had two sons, Karanut and Kunkliut, who initiated the birth of the haranut and kunkliut (honkhlut). The grandchildren of Kunkliut, the sons of Misar-Uluk, Kuralas and Eljigin, became the ancestors of the genera Kuralas (throat) and eljigin [5] . According to this legend, the haranuts are a Mongolian clan, having kinship with the Khongirats , Ekhirits , Olkhonuts, Honkhluts , throats and Eljigins .
Until the thirteenth century, haranuts lived in the mountains of Khingan and the surrounding lands, next to the honirates . It is now known that haranuts were noted in the ethnic groups of the Buryats [6] , the Evenks of Irkutsk and the Balagan District , the Tuvans of Tannu [4] , in the khoshuns of the Kharchins , Barguts and in the territory of the Nincheng county of Inner Mongolia [7] , as well as among the Altai people . Among the Oirat Zakhchins, the Harnuud clan has a degrae brand; it is also widespread among the Khalkhs and is called zuuzai [1] .
The kharuts that make up the Buryats are traditionally bulagates . The ancestor of the Buryat haranuts - Kharanut, according to oral traditions, is a descendant of Bulagat, a common ancestor of the Bulagat clans. The ethnonym haranuud (haranut) is widespread among the Buryats on both sides of Lake Baikal . There is reason to believe that various ethnic components took part in the formation of the community of the Buryat haranuts. The bulk of the Kuda haranuts, according to tradition, belong to the Bulagates . The Oka haranuts, as their legends indicate, originate from Dzungaria . Apparently, partly Dzungarian haranuts also penetrated into the Kudinsky [2] . Selenga haranuts, having a Bulagat origin, formed four otokas in the Selenga Steppe Duma [8] .
Resettlement and Tribal Composition
Carriers of the generic name Harnuud are registered in all aimaks of Mongolia [9] . Representatives of the Haraghchuud clan, branches of the Harnuud clan, live in the somons Bugat , Tөgrөg , Tonkhil of the Gobi-Altai aimag; somonakh Zүүngov, Tes, Malchin, Baruunturuun, Khargas, Naranbulag, гlgy Ubsunur aimag of Mongolia . In Mongolia, there is also the genus Khavkhchin Harnuud [10] [11] . In the Selenga aimak of Mongolia , the Bulgan-Harnuud live [12] .
In Mongolia, carriers of the following family names are registered: Harnuud, Borjgin Harnuud, Borjigin Harnuud, Borjigon Harnuud, Bulgan Harnuud, their Harnuud, Haragchud, Haragchuud, Hargchuut, Haranuud, Hargchuud, Harnud, Harnud, Harnud,
Haranuts of China. In Inner Mongolia, harnuds (haranuds) live in the khoshuns of Kharchins , Barguts , and in the territory of Nincheng County [1] . In addition, among the southern (uver) Mongols, there were genera: haranggud, haranggan [7] [14] . The composition of the Barguts includes the genera: haranud (harnuud) [15] [16] [17] , haran [18] , haranguud [19] . The Shira Yugurs include the genus haranat [20] .
Haranuts as part of the Mongolian peoples. As part of the hamnigan, the genus har namyad (har namyad, kara-namyad) is listed [21] . The Harnud clan (Haranud) is also part of the Khalkha-Mongols [1] , Torguts [22] , Derbets , Bayats , Zakhchins , Darkhats [23] , Hotogoyts [24] , Kalmyks [25] (Harnud, Ik Harnud, Bichkn Harnud clans , tyachin-harnud [26] , harnut erktn [27] , harnut yoghsud [28] ), as well as in the ethnic groups of the Buryats : Bulagates [29] , Sartul [6] , Songols (genus Haraud Songhol) [16] , Sagenuts [30] , Tabanguts [31] , Khongodors [32] , Balagan , Kudinsky , Verkholensky and Selenginsky Buryats [29] .
Haranuts in the Buryat. The following clan names are known in the Buryats: sharaldai-haranut, shaaban-haranut [8] , dalai-haranut [33] , handabay-sharaldai haranut [34] , handabyne haranut [35] , bulagat-dalai-haranut, bayan-haranut, hut-haranut, olzon-haranut, boumal-haranut, khorchits-haranut, handagai-haranut, buin-haranut [36] (buyan-haranut), natah-haranut, zharai-haranut, avganat-haranut [37] , bulgan-harnut [12] [38] .
The haranuts living in the territory of the Irkutsk district were divided into four genera: I, II, III, and IV haranut genera [2] . The following otoks were formed by the Kharanuts in the composition of the Selenga Steppe Duma : Kharanutsky [36] , Selenginsky Kharanutsky, Selenginsky Enhor Kharanutsky, Iroysky Kharanutsky, Chikoysky Kharanutsky [8] .
According to L. L. Abaeva, the Otok Kharanut in the Selenga Buryats included six dozen: Bulagat-Dalai-Kharanut, Lower Norwegian Sharaldai-Kharanut, Zagustai Kharanut, Ivolginsky Buyan, Zhargalantuy Aganat, Tohoy Buyan [36] . In the book “Genealogy of the Ivolginsky Buryats”, seven dozens are mentioned in the composition of this outflow: Ivolginsky Sharaldai-Kharanuts, Dunda (middle) Kharanuts, Zagustai Kharanuts, Dodo (lower) Orongoi Kharanuts, Ivolginskiy Buyans, Jargalantu Abagoyutyans, 8 .
The Selenginsky Kharanutsky otok consisted of generations of Sharaldai, Boyan, Abaganut, Sha-Wan, Chjaray, Durbet; Chikoysky Kharanutsky otok - haranut, Hasam, hongodor, hamnigan, boshin, cones, ashbagat , bojan; Iroyan Kharanut otok - Dalai Kharanut, Sharaldai, Dabshis [33] .
As part of the haranuts of the Ivolginsky aimak of Buryatia , a generation of sharhas is noted, as well as a branch of the shaaban haranuud. In addition, in the book “Pedigree of the Ivolginsky Buryats”, the branches of the genus Sharaldai-haranuud are mentioned: holkhoton, hamagantan, petruutan [8] . In the pedigrees of the Orongoi haranuts, the following branches are noted: Dalayn Haranuud, Handabyn Haranuud [35] , Handabay-Sharaldai Haranuud [34] .
See also
- Buryat ethnic groups, tribes and clans .
- Mongolian peoples .
- Kharanut is a village in the Ekhirit-Bulagat district of the Ust-Orda Buryat district . It is part of the Aluga municipality .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Ochir A. Mongolian ethnonyms: questions of the origin and ethnic composition of the Mongolian peoples / Doctor of Historical Sciences E.P. Bakaev, Doctor of History K.V. Orlova. - Elista: KIGI RAS, 2016 .-- 286 p. - ISBN 978-5-903833-93-1 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Nanzatov B.Z. Ethnogenesis of the Western Buryats (VI-XIX centuries) . - Irkutsk, 2005 .-- 160 p. - ISBN 5-93219-054-6 .
- ↑ Dolgikh B.O. The tribal and tribal composition of the peoples of Siberia in the 17th century - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1960 .-- 621 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Tokarev S.A. Resettlement of Buryat tribes in the 17th century // Notes by GIYALI. - Vol. 1. - Ulan-Ude, 1939. - S. 101-129.
- ↑ Rashid al-Din. Collection of annals. T. 1. Book. 1. M.-L.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1952. 221 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Tsydendambaev Ts. B. Buryat historical chronicles and genealogies. Historical and linguistic research. - Ulan-Ude: Buryat book publishing house, 1972. - 664 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Bügünüdei Goncuγ. Mangγul obuγ // Öbör Mongγol-un Soyol-un Keblel-ün Qoriya, 1993.203 x. (in Mongolian)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Dorzhiev Bimba Ts., Erdyneev V.L., Budaeva N.P., Tsydypova T.P. Ivalga Goldo Huudaltai Ugay Beseg Zone (Pedigree of the Ivolginsky Buryats) / Bimba Lama Dorzhiev, Gebshe Lama of the Ivolginsky Datsan " Khambyn Khure. " - Ulan-Ude, 2012 .-- 424 p.
- ↑ Ү э э э Хор Хор Хор Хор Хор Хор оо. Harnwood . Э э эҮ э Хор Хор Хор Хор Date of treatment March 7, 2019.
- ↑ Mongol Ard Ulsyn ugsaatny sent, helium shinzhlaleyn atlas. T. I. 75 x .; T. II. 245 x Ulaanbaatar, 1979.
- ↑ Ochir A., Serzhee J. Mongolchuudyn ovgyin lavlakh. - Ulaanbaatar, 1998 .-- 67 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Boronoeva D. Ts. Buryats of Mongolia: social memory and identity // Power. - 2008. - No. 8 .
- ↑ Ү э э э э Хор Хор Хор Хор оо не Э э эҮ э Хор Хор Хор Хор Date of treatment January 21, 2019.
- ↑ Mongol ovog aymguud . Date of treatment January 4, 2019.
- ↑ Zoriktuev B.R. Mysteries of the History of the Old Barguts of China . CyberLenink. Date of treatment June 14, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Badmaeva L. B., Nimaev D. D. On the historical relations of Buryats and Barguts // Bulletin of the BSC SB RAS.
- ↑ Bargachuudyn tuhay tүүhees . www.TopMedee.com
- ↑ Badmaeva L. B. The Language of the Buryat Annals / Dr. Filol. Sciences L.D. Shagdarov. - Ulan-Ude: Publishing House of the BSC SB RAS, 2005. - P. 46. - 216 p. - ISBN 5-7925-0174-2 .
- ↑ Bukhogolova S. B. Ethnic Identity of the New China Barguts // Bulletin of BSU. - 2015. - No. 8 (1) . - S. 150-153 .
- ↑ Tenishev E. R. Ethnic and tribal composition of the yugu people // Soviet Ethnography. - 1962. - No. 1 . - S. 59-66 .
- ↑ D. G. Damdinov. D. G. Damdinov is a researcher of the Hamnigan ethnic group. - Ulan-Ude: Buryaad Onen, 2010 .-- 140 p.
- ↑ Bakaeva E.P. Torguts of Mongolia: Ethnic Composition and Ethnic Markers // Problems of Ethnic History and Culture of Turkic-Mongolian Peoples. - 2009. - No. 1 . - S. 69-86 . - ISSN 2500-1531 .
- ↑ Nanzatov B.Z. Ethnic composition and resettlement of the peoples of the Mongolian Altai and Prikhubsugul at the beginning of the 20th century // Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Series: Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology. - 2013. - No. 2 .
- ↑ Chuluun S. History of the socio-economic and ethnocultural development of the Mongolian kotoyoites. - Moscow, 2004.
- ↑ Erdniev U.E. Kalmyks: Historical and Ethnographic Essays. - 3rd ed., Revised. and add. - Elista: Kalm. Prince publishing house 1985 .-- 282 p. . kalmyki.narod.ru. Date of appeal September 14, 2018.
- ↑ Bakaev E.P. On ethnic groups of Kalmyks and Buddhist khuruls of the Maloderbetovsky ulus of the Kalmyk steppe of the Astrakhan province at the end of the 19th century // Bulletin of the BSC SB RAS. - 2013. - No. 2 (10) . - S. 91-112 .
- ↑ Ashilova D. O. Ethnic anthropology of Kalmyks (somatological research). - Elista: Kalmyk Book Publishing House, 1976.
- ↑ Kalmyk truth. Llamas - pictured in 1943, Halmg Unno-Political Newspaper - Official Site . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Nanzatov B.Z. The tribal structure is drilled in the XIX century // Peoples and cultures of Siberia. Interaction as a factor in the formation and modernization. - 2003. - S. 15-27 .
- ↑ Tsybikdorzhiev D.V., Konovalov P. B. The historical Bargudzhin-Tokum - the original homeland of the Buryat people // Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Series: Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology. - 2017 .-- T. 19 . - ISSN 2227-2380 .
- ↑ Buryaad Onen. Buryad was joking . www.burunen.ru. Date of treatment July 4, 2018.
- ↑ My family - my beginning - The local history portal of Buryatia and Ulan-Ude. Information portal Native village , selorodnoe.ru . Date of treatment June 24, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Vyatkina K.V. Essays on culture and life are being drilled . - Science, 1969. - S. 38-39. - 218 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Tsydendambaev Ts. B. Buryat historical chronicles and genealogies: historical and linguistic research . - Buryat book publishing house, 1972. - S. 134. - 662 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Dorzhiev Boris Ts. Pedigrees of the Orongoi Buryats.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Abaeva L. L. The cult of mountains and Buddhism in Buryatia: (The evolution of beliefs and cults of the Selengin. Buryat) . - Science, 1992 .-- 139 p. - ISBN 9785020101043 .
- ↑ Tsydendambaev C. B. Study of Buryat and Russian dialects . - Buryat branch of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1977. - 220 p.
- ↑ Mnkhsaykhan S. Field studies of dialects drilled in Mongolia // Bulletin of BSC SB RAS. - No. 1 (21) . - S. 62–70 .