This article provides a list of toponyms of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) [1] , the territorial affiliation of which is the subject of a dispute between the United Kingdom and Argentina , in English and Spanish. Most Hispanic place names are different from their English equivalents, many of them are of religious origin. Some names were given by the Spanish conquistadors , others later by the Argentine government.
The islands are shown on maps from 1529 and in the XVI-XVII centuries did not have a specific name - in documents and maps they were indicated as Sanson, Patos, Hawkins, Sebald, Davis, etc. In 1690, the English navigator assigned the name "Falkland" ( English Falkland ) the strait between the two largest islands of the archipelago [2] . The motivation for the name is controversial. According to one version, the strait is named after , who served as treasurer of the Admiralty and sponsored Strong's expedition. The Viscount title comes from the city of Falkland , Fife County, Scotland , whose name, in turn, comes from "Falkland" (land occupied by the people) [3] . According to another version - Strong himself was born near the city of Falkland [4] . From the name of the strait, the main islands of the archipelago - West and East Falkland - got names, and from them the whole archipelago became known as the "Falkland Islands". The name did not apply to the islands until 1765, when British Vice Admiral John Byron (grandfather of the famous poet George Byron ) demanded to name them for King George III as the “Falkland Islands” [5] .
The Spanish name for the archipelago, sp. Islas Malvinas , comes from fr. Îles Malouines - the name given to the islands by the French explorer Louis-Antoine de Bougainville in 1764 [6] . Bougainville, who founded the first settlement on the islands , named this area after the French port of Saint-Malo (port of registry of his ships) [7] . The port of Saint-Malo, located in Brittany , was, in turn, named after St. Malo (or Maklou), the Christian evangelist - the founder of the city [8] .
Spanish names are almost never used by the inhabitants of the islands, and some, such as the Malvinas Islands and Puerto Argentino , may be considered offensive in connection with the 1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands by Argentina [9] . In accordance with the declaration issued after the 1999 agreement to lift restrictions on travel to the islands, Argentina committed to revise the Argentine names of the objects of the Falkland Islands, introduced by decree of General Galtieri [10] . However, to date, Argentina continues to use these names [11] . Many of them are usually not used as Hispanic names; rather, they are names assigned by a committee of the Argentine government where there is no Hispanic equivalent of a name.
At the 20th session of the UN General Assembly, the decided that in all languages except Spanish, UN documentation would define the territory as Falkland Islands (Malvinas) , and in Spanish as Islas Malvinas (Falkland Islands) [12 ] . The nomenclature used by the United Nations for statistical processing purposes is the Falkland Islands (Malvinas ) [12] .
Several toponyms on the islands have the same form in English and Spanish, for example, , San Carlos , and .
Content
- 1 Maps
- 2 Island Names
- 3 Names of settlements
- 4 Names of natural objects
- 5 Names of water bodies
- 6 notes
- 7 Literature
- 7.1 in Russian
- 7.2 in English
- 8 References
Maps
Map of the Falkland Islands with English names
Map of the Falkland Islands with Hispanic Names
Island Names
| English name | Spanish name | Russian name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Falkland islands | Islas malvinas | Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | Hispanic island name sp. Islas Malvinas , comes from the French fr. Îles Malouines and is associated with their development by the French merchants maluins (residents of the city of Saint-Malo) [7] . |
| West falkland | Isla gran malvina | West Falkland | Contrary to the meaning of the Hispanic name (literally: “Big Malvinas Island”), East Falkland Island has a larger area. |
| East falkland | Isla soledad | East Falkland | |
| Barren island | Isla Pelada | Barren | The Hispanic name is a direct translation of English - "wasteland." |
| Beaver island | Isla san rafael | Beaver | |
| Beauchene island | Isla beauchéne | ||
| Bleaker island | Isla maría | ||
| Carcass island | Isla del rosario | ||
| Eddystone | Roca remolinos | The English name is given in honor of the Eddystone Rocks in Cornwall . | |
| George island | Isla jorge | George | The Hispanic name is a direct translation of English. |
| Great island | Isla grande | The Hispanic name is a direct translation of English. | |
| Jason islands | Isla sebaldes | Jason Islands in the Spanish nomenclature of the islands are divided into two groups. The "Sebald Islands" were originally named after the Dutch navigator , who surveyed the Falklands in 1600. | |
| Leeward part of jason islands | Islas los salvajes | Includes Grand Jason and Steeple Jason | |
| Windward part of jason islands | Islas las llaves | Include Flat Jason, Seal Rock and North Fur Island. | |
| Keppel island | Isla de la vigía | Keppel | |
| Lively island | Isla bougainville | Lively | |
| New island | Isla goicoechea | New island | |
| Pebble island | Isla (de) Borbón / Isla Bourbon | Pebble | |
| Ruggles island | Isla calista | ||
| Saunders island | Isla trinidad | Saunders | |
| Sea lion island | Isla de los leones marinos | The Hispanic name is a direct translation of English. | |
| Sedge island | Isla culebra | ||
| Speedwell island | Isla Águila | Speedwell | Former "Eagle Island" in the English version. |
| Staats island | Isla staats | The Hispanic name is a direct translation of English. | |
| Weddell Island | Isla san josé | Waddell | Former Swan Island in English ( Swan Islands ). |
| West point island | Isla remolinos | West point | Former Albatross Island in the English version. |
Names of settlements
| English name | Spanish name | Russian name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stanley | Puerto Stanley (Puerto Argentino) | Port stanley | Both Hispanic names are currently used. Puerto Argentino was first used during the Falkland War . “Port Stanley” is used as an unofficial English name [13] . |
| Port san Carlos | Puerto San Carlos | The Hispanic name is a direct translation of English. | |
| Goose green | Pradera del Ganso, Ganso Verde [sic] | Goose green | |
| Port louis | Puerto Luis | Both names come from the original French name “Port St. Louis”, during the Spanish rule it was renamed “Puerto Soledad”, the English were shortly named “Anson Harbor”, but later it was again renamed “Port Louis” [14 ] . | |
| Port howard | Puerto Miter | Port howard | |
| Teal inlet | Caleta trullo | ||
| Johnson's harbor | Puerto Johnson | Indirect translation of the English name. |
Names of natural objects
| English name | Spanish name | Russian name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cape dolphin | Cabo leal | ||
| Mount usborne | Cerro alberdi | Asborn | |
| Mount adam | Monte Independencia / Monte Beaufort [13] | ||
| Mount robinson | Absent | It was called “Monte Independencia” until it was established that “Mount Adam” was above it [13] . | |
| Absent | Peninsula de freycinet | Peninsula north of Port William (has no English name). | |
| Absent | Peninsula de san luis | The northeastern peninsula where the harbor of Johnson, Port Louis and the Rincon Grande are located (has no English name). |
Names of water bodies
| English name | Spanish name | Russian name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Falkland sound | Estrecho de san carlos | Strait of falkland | The English name comes from the word "strait", San Carlos Water has a narrower meaning in English. |
| Scotia sea | Mar argentino | Sea Skosh | The name “Sea of Scotia” was appropriated in about 1932 in honor of the expeditionary ship “Scotia”, used in these waters by the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1902-04). The Hispanic name "Mar Argentino" refers to the sea within the continental shelf of Argentina. The boundaries of these two areas are slightly different. |
| Choiseul sound | Seno choiseul | Choiseul Sound | The strait was originally named Louis de Bougainville in honor of the French Foreign Minister, Etienne-Francois, Duke de Choiselle . |
| Berkeley sound | Bahía de la Anunciación | ||
| Adventure sound | Bahía del Laberinto | ||
| Bay of harbors | Bahía de los Abrigos | ||
| Grantham sound | Bahía de Ruiz Puente | Grantham Sound | |
| Foul bay | Bahía Sucla | ||
| Port albemarle | Bahía Santa Eufemia | ||
| Port william | Puerto Groussac | ||
| Queen charlotte bay | Bahía San Julián | ||
| Port edgar | Puerto Edgardo | ||
| King george bay | Bahía 9 de Julio | ||
| Byron sound | Bahía San Francisco de Paula | ||
| Keppel sound | Bahía de la Cruzada | ||
| Stanley harbor | It was originally known as fr. Beau Porte [15] and later as “Port Jackson” in English. It was sometimes called "Port Stanley." |
Notes
- ↑ Dictionary of Geographic Names of Foreign Countries, 1986 , p. 394.
- ↑ Jones, 2009 , p. 73.
- ↑ Room, 2006 , p. 129.
- ↑ Rydjord, 1961 .
- ↑ See:
- Paine, 2000 , p. 45,
- Room, 2006 , p. 129.
- ↑ Hince, 2001 , p. 121.
- ↑ 1 2 Rays, 2002 , p. 441.
- ↑ Balmaceda, 2011 , Chapter 36.
- ↑ AGREEMENT OF 14th JULY 1999 (unreachable link) . Falklands.info. Date of treatment July 23, 2007. Archived August 23, 2011.
- ↑ International Relations . Falkland Islands Government. Date of treatment May 28, 2008. Archived on April 8, 2008.
- ↑ AGREEMENT OF 14th JULY 1999 (unreachable link) . falklands.info. Date of treatment May 28, 2008. Archived November 20, 2008.
- ↑ 1 2 Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications . United Nations Statistics Division (February 13, 2013). Date of treatment July 3, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 3 The Toponymy of the Falkland Islands as recorded on Maps and in Gazetteers Archived October 22, 2012. The Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use .
- ↑ Archived copy . Date of treatment July 19, 2007. Archived April 1, 2010.
- ↑ Dom Pernety, Antoine-Joseph. Journal historique d'un voyage fait aux Iles Malouïnes en 1763 et 1764 pour les reconnoître et y former un établissement; et de deux Voyages au Détroit de Magellan, avec une Rélation sur les Patagons. Berlin: Etienne de Bourdeaux, 1769.2 volumes, 704 pp. Online vol. 1 & vol. 2 . Abridged English version .
Literature
in Russian
- Nikonov V.A. A Brief Toponymic Dictionary / Ed. E.I. Belev. - M .: Thought, 1966 .-- 509 p. - 32,000 copies.
- Pospelov E. M. Geographical names of the world. Toponymic dictionary / resp. ed. R. A. Ageeva. - 2nd ed., Stereotype. - M .: Russian dictionaries, Astrel, AST, 2002. - 512 p. - 3,000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-001389-2 .
- Dictionary of geographical names of foreign countries / A. M. Komkov. - M .: Nedra, 1986.- 459 p.
in English
- Rydjord, John. Falkland Islands: Nationalism and names // Names A Journal of Onomastics. - 1961 .-- December ( vol. 4 ).