Abov Shipyard

In 1713, during the Great Northern War, Peter I launched military operations in Finland and on August 28, Russian troops under the command of Peter I and Admiral General Count Fedor Apraksin occupied the capital of Finland, Turku (until 1917 - Abo). Russian troops remained in the city until the end of the war in 1721 and the signing of the Nishtad peace . In 1714, at the shipyard in Abo, Russian craftsmen began to build small boats of the rowing fleet ^[1] .

In the autumn of 1719, a galley master Yu. A. Rusinov ^[2] was sent to Abo to build 11 horse galleys of the Crow type ^[3] . He built the galleries “Crow”, “Tip”, “Laruzet”, “Mushula”, “Pasarim”, “Pizza”, “Kestrel”, “Repolov”, “Jay”, “Sudak”, “Duck”, which were intended for transportation of horses ^[4] . Until 1721, 20 skerboats , 3 pack-bots, and about 90 island boats were built ^[5] .

In 1741, a new shipyard was founded in the city, at that time Swedish.

During the Russo-Swedish war launched by Sweden in 1741, Russian troops under the command of Count Jacob Bruce on September 8, 1742 occupied Abo. In 1743, a galley master A. I. Alatchaninov ^[6] was sent to Abo to build a batch of six 16-galley galleys, among which the Mir and Finland horse galleys were built according to the design of the galley master Yu. A. Rusinov ^{[ 4]} .

In 1838, a ship was built under the name "Sumpa", after being converted into a yacht in 1848, it was named "Zateya" ^[7] . In 1843, the bot “Lizard” was launched ^[8] . In the same year, the shipbuilder Jurgenson built the 4-gun schooner “ Experience ”, in 1847 - the schooners “ Snake ” and “ Tarantula ”, in 1849 - the schooners “ Komar ” and “ Fly ” ^[9] . In 1847, the bots Ant and Scorpio were built ^[10] .

In 1852, a 4-gun steamer frigate “ Rurik ” with a displacement of 1,507 tons and a steam engine with a capacity of 300 rated liters was built in Abo . from. ^[11] .

In February 1853, the first sailing and rowing 2-gun gunboat designed by Rear Admiral I.I. von Shants was laid in Abo, launched on May 17 of the same year. In just 70 days, 40 gunboats of this type were built at the shipyards in Abo, Bjerneborg and Helsingfors . In 1855, during the Eastern War , 12 boats of the Shanz system were sunk at Abo on the orders of the Finnish Governor-General Berg because of fear that they would go to the enemy. After the war, the boats were raised and sold to the Helsingfors merchant Chechulin, who converted 10 of them two and three-masted schooners, and two into wheeled steamers ^[12] .

On July 22, 1854, according to his own project, von Schans laid the Sterlet, a gunboat, and the boat was launched on September 13, 1854 ^[13] . It served as a prototype for 75 screw gunboats of captain 2nd rank I. A. Shestakov , built during the years of the Eastern War ^[14] .

On July 10, 1856, the shipbuilder Jurgenson began construction of the Kalevala 15-gun screw corvette with sailing armaments, and on June 20, 1858 he launched it ^[15] .

In 1860, the Zabava yacht, built by shipbuilder N. A. Arceulov ^[16] on the order of Admiral General Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich for his nephew Alexei, was launched at the Abovsk Shipyard ^[7] .

In 1869, the 3-gun wheeled steamer frigate “Rurik” (builder F. T. Epifanov) was launched and launched on October 21, 1870. The steam engine was removed from the old Rurik steam frigate and installed on a new ship after correction in 1870 ^[17] . On April 2, 1870, the sailing screw schooner Samoyed was launched. The schooner had a steam engine with a capacity of 35 indicator liters. from. and one propeller.

In 1878 the gunboats “Beaver” and “Sivuch”, the minosocks “Rooster”, “Herring”, “Sardinka” and “Sig” ^[18] were launched. In May 1879 in Abo at the shipyard “V. Creighton and Co., ”shipbuilder N. E. Titov laid two steam gunboats of coastal defense“ Grad ”and“ Snow ”with machines with a capacity of 300/479 indicator hp. from. ^[19] , in 1881 gunboats “Beaver” and “Sea lion” were built ^[18] .

At the initiative of I.A. Shestakov, Creighton Shipyard in Abo was elected as a domestic manufacturer of destroyers to solve the problem of the heterogeneity of ships of this class in the Russian fleet. In 1887, the Naval Ministry of the Russian Empire issued an order to develop a project for the domestic destroyer shipyard Creighton and the Nevsky Plant. In 1888, preference was given to the Creighton project. The contract for the construction of two destroyers was signed on October 18, 1888. The supervisor of the construction was appointed ship engineer E. R. de Grofe . In the same year, the destroyers Nargen and Gogland laid in Abo and launched in November – December 1889 ^[20] .

In 1891 the destroyers Kotka and Dago were launched in Abo, and in 1894 the destroyers Pakerort and Palangen ^[18] .

July 5, 1895 at the shipyard "V. Creighton & Co. ”in Abo laid the Abrek mine cruiser . The ship engineer N. N. Pushchin observed the construction. The cruiser was launched on May 11, 1896.

In 1903, destroyers No. 222 and No. 223 were built in Abo; in 1915, mine bombs “Dulo”, “Barrel”, “Curbstone”, “Axle”; in the years 1915-1917 the hydrographic vessels Vostok, South, North, North, Khariton Laptev, Kartushka, Polyarny were launched ^[18] .

• Chernyshev A. A. Russian sailing fleet. Directory. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1997 .-- T. 1. - 312 p. - (Ships and ships of the Russian fleet). - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-01788-3 .
• Chernyshev A. A. Russian sailing fleet. Directory. - M .: Military Publishing House, 2002 .-- T. 2 .-- 480 p. - (Ships and ships of the Russian fleet). - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-01789-1 .
• Shirokorad A. B. 200 years of the sailing fleet of Russia / Ed. A. B. Vasiliev. - 2nd ed. - M .: Veche, 2007. - 448 p. - ISBN 978-5-9533-1517-3 .