Hungarian literature

Middle Ages

The adoption of Christianity by Hungary, marked by the coronation of Stephen (Istvan) the First in 1000, was accompanied by the eradication of pagan tradition, which violated the continuity of the national heritage - to our time, no examples of Hungarian folklore of that time have survived. Latin became the official language of worship, chronicles were written in the same language, it was used in court decisions, legal monuments and in general, in all spheres of official life ^{[1] [2]} . The earliest known written monument in Hungarian was discovered at the end of the 18th century. This is “ Gravestone Speech and Prayer ” ( Halotti beszéd és könyörgés ) - a 32-line sermon containing 274 words, translated from Latin around 1200 , possibly as an example of a funeral service for priests. It is written in rhythmic prose using alliteration , which shows the literary prowess of an unknown author and, possibly, his belonging to the literary-religious tradition that had already developed by then ^[3] .

Another early Hungarian text, discovered in 1922 and dating to around 1300, is a 37-line poem known as the “Lamentation of Mary”. This is a free translation of the Latin lament “ ante nescia” ^[4] written by the Frenchman Geoffrey de Breteuil. The poem reproduces the widespread medieval plot of Mary’s crying for his executed son , but it gives the impression of a fairly secular text, in particular, Jesus and Mary in the Hungarian version of the crying are never named. All other extant medieval religious texts of Hungary, such as the lives of Hungarian saints : Svorad and his disciple Benedict , Gerard and Istvan, were written in Latin ^[3] .

Among the writers in Latin, Jan Pannony (1434-1472) is considered the first Hungarian poet . In her review of Hungarian literature for the Arzamas channel, Oksana Yakimenko drew attention to his “Farewell to Varad ”, noting the “trademark Hungarian acerbity and bitter humor” that marked this work ^[5] .

Reformation

XVIII — XIX centuries

20th Century and Modern Hungarian Literature

• Daniel Bergeny

• The Oxford history of Hungarian literature from the Earliest Times to the mid-1970's . - Clarendon Press, 1984. - 602 p. - ISBN 9780198157816 .
• Hungarian literature and language // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• F. Sinnia . Hungarian literature / Encyclopedic Dictionary Pomegranate , T. 9: Great Britain - Wecht. - M.: Publishing. comrade A. Garnet and Co. °, 1911. - S. 431-449.
• Matza I. Hungarian literature // Literary Encyclopedia : in 11 vols: vol. 2 / Otv. ed. Fritsche V.M .; Repl. Secretary Beskin O. M. - [ B. m .: Publishing house Kom. Acad., 1929. - St. 142-149. - 768 stb. : ill.
• Hungarian literature and drama // Encyclopedia " Around the World ."
• Hungarian revolutionary poetry. collection edited by I. Mateyka. - M. 1925 .
• Hungarian-Russian literary relations: [Sb. Art.]. - M .: Nauka, 1964 .-- 282 p.
• Katona L. und Szinnyei Fr. Geschichte der Ungarisch. Literatur. - Berlin. 1911 .
• Kont J. La littérature hongroise d'aujourd'hui. - P. 1908
• Kont J. Etudes hongroises. - P. 1907 .
• Riedl F. A history of Ungarian Literature. - L. 1906 .
• Szinnyei, Ferenc . Unkarilaisen kirjallisuuden historia. (History of Hungarian literature). Helsingfors, 1905.
• The history of Hungarian literature in portraits. - M .: Indrik, 2015 .-- 408 p. - ISBN 978-5-91674-360-9 .
• Klanitsai T. et al. A Brief History of Hungarian Literature of the 19th — 20th Centuries. Budapest, 1962
• Russians O.K. Hungarian literature after 1917. M., 1961
• Shakhova K.A. Hungarian literature of the 20-40s of the XIX century. Kiev, 1973
• XX century: Russian literature through the eyes of Hungarians, Hungarian literature through the eyes of Russians / Gusev Yu. P. - M. , 2007 .-- 320 p. - ISBN 5-7576-0206-6 .

• Imre Madach: The tragedy of man
• All About Hungary - New Hungarian Book Season
• Presentation of the book by Domokos Varga “Family”
• Oksana Yakimenko . All you need to know about Hungarian literature (Russian) , Arzamas . Date of treatment June 1, 2018.
• Olga Silver. Why does it make sense to know something about Hungarian literature (neopr.) . Colta.ru (May 31, 2016). Date of treatment October 1, 2018.