Tanzania has a hierarchical health system that repeats the structure of political administrative divisions. [1] Some specialized hospitals are not part of this hierarchy and report directly to the Ministry of Health.
Among the leading causes of death in Tanzania, HIV is 17% of deaths, lower respiratory infections - 11%, malaria - 7%, diarrhea - 6%, tuberculosis - 5%, cancer - 5%, coronary heart disease - 3% [2] .
Content
Tanzania Health Financing History
In 1967, the Arusha Declaration was adopted, initiated by President Julius Nyerere, and based on the principles of Ujamaa (vision of the social and economic policies of President Nyerere). [3] The Declaration launched a series of reforms in the health sector with the goal of ensuring universal access to social services for the poor and those living in disadvantaged rural areas. In 1977, a ban on commercial medicine followed [4] , the state committed itself to providing free medical care.
However, by the beginning of the 1990s, the provision of free medical care for all became an obvious burden for the state in the face of rising costs of medical services and economic problems. In the early 1990s, the government introduced health care reforms that replaced the free health care system with a mixed funding mechanism. At all levels, the co-financing system involves benefits.
Diseases
HIV / AIDS
Tanzania is undergoing a “mature” global HIV epidemic. Of the 1.4 million people living with HIV / AIDS, 70.5% are between 25 and 49 years old and 15% are between the ages of 15-24. Young women aged 15 to 24 have an HIV prevalence of 3.8%, which is significantly higher than 2.8% of HIV-infected people among young men in the same age group. More than half of the hospital beds in the country are occupied by HIV-infected people. [5] HIV is the leading cause of death in Tanzania, accounting for 17% of deaths in 2013. [6] Moreover, mortality has been decreasing since 2001 (339 per 100 thousand) to 159 per 100 thousand in 2013, and the incidence has gradually decreased from 381 per 100 thousand inhabitants to 146 per 100 thousand over the same period of time. [7]
Malaria
The incidence of malaria remains a problem throughout the year, mainly due to tropical malaria . [8] The country has seen a decrease in the incidence of malaria over the years from 18.1% in 2001 to 9.7% in 2009 under the age of 5 years [9] and this is also seen in a decrease in the level of childhood (up to 5 years) mortality rate, which decreased from 165 per 100 thousand inhabitants in 1990 to 49 per 100 thousand in 2015. [10]
Links
- ↑ [Human resources for health care delivery in Tanzania: Human resources for health care delivery in Tanzania: a. Multifaceted problem, Fatuma Manzi et al https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3311084/ ], Human resources for health care delivery in Tanzania: a multifaceted problem, Fatuma Manzi et al, PubMed.
- ↑ [1] , Global Health- Tanzania Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- ↑ Template: Cite work
- ↑ Kolstad, JR Pro-social preferences and self-selection into the public health sector: evidence from an economic experiment (Eng.) // Health Policy Plan: journal. - 2013 .-- Vol. 28 . - P. 320—327 .
- ↑ WHO country cooperation strategy 2002-2005 .
- ↑ Global health Tanzania .
- ↑ Tanzania Statistical Factsheet 2016 .
- ↑ Tanzania, United Republic of .
- ↑ Mboera, Leonard EG Towards malaria elimination and its implication for vector control, disease management and livelihoods in Tanzania .
- ↑ The State of the World's Children 2016 .