The Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh is an Orthodox church in the village of Tatishchev Pogost, Rostovsky District, Yaroslavl Region of Russia. Built in 1810 on the initiative and at the expense of the owner of the village, a prominent statesman, D. P. Tatishchev .
Church Sergius of Radonezh | |
---|---|
A country | Russia |
village | Tatishchev Pogost, Rostovsky District, Yaroslavl Region |
Denomination | orthodoxy |
Patriarchy | Moscow |
Diocese | Yaroslavl |
Blessing | Rostov |
Feast day | July 18, October 8 |
The abbot | Priest Sergey Ovchinnikov |
Base | no later than the XVIII century. |
Builder | D.P. Tatischev |
Building | 1802 - 1851 years |
Architectural style | classicism |
condition | acting |
Status | Object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of regional significance. Reg. № 761410049820005 ( ЕГРОКН ) |
Site | pogost.cerkov.ru |
Construction History
Background
The first mention of churches in the village of Tatishchev Pogost dates back to the beginning of the 17th century. From the content of the chartered diploma of Mikhail Fedorovich , this voivode Yury Ignatievich Tatishchev (1619), it follows that in the village passing through the diploma into patrimonial possession of the governor (among other territories) there were two wooden churches: St. Nicholas and St. Sergius of Radonezh [1 ] . The earliest known decree on the construction of a stone church on the wooden site was issued under Uncle D. P. Tatishchev, Mikhail Sergeyevich (1788) - it was planned to "build one, in the name of Kazansky, the Most Holy Theotokos with the chapel of St. Sergius of Radonezh the Miracle-worker, and the tree remaining from dismantled old churches used in the firing of bricks for the new church [2] . But construction for unknown reasons has not begun.
Building a temple
Four months after DP Tatishchev filed a petition for the construction of a stone church in the name of Archbishop Pavel of September 4, 1802, a decree was issued to build a new stone church [К 1] , and the plan of the future church was attached to the petition , and drawings of its facades, which, according to local historian A. A. Titov, were sent from Italy [4] .
The construction work was completed by 1810, because it was then that D. P. Tatishchev’s brother, Sergei Pavlovich , applied for the consecration of the church in the name of Yaroslavl, Archbishop Anthony, and it was consecrated by the Archimandrite of the Epiphany Monastery of Anthony of Anthony on September 25, 1810, according to the old style , that is, on the day of the temple festival [5] .
In 1851 [6] (according to A. A. Titov - in 1848, almost immediately after the funeral of D. P. Tatishchev) the free-standing bell tower was connected to the summer temple through the extension of the refectory and warm church [7] , and if before that the temple had three entrances in the cardinal directions, then after only one - through the first floor of the bell tower. Probably, the temple was rebuilt for two reasons: firstly, as a manor house, it was intended only for the Tatishchev family (the parish church was in the neighboring village), which was rarely in its possession, and did not have a warm chapel or refectory; [K 2] ; secondly, as noted by the bishop Yevgeny, made during a detour of the diocese, the temple itself "looked like a Greek pagan temple" [4] . Interestingly, brick served as a material for the refectory, intended for the new manor house of D. P. Tatishchev and peasant houses, instead of burned down: in 1832 there was a strong fire in the village, according to one version, resettled by S. P. Tatishchev from his estate (p. Staraya Vichuga) in the Kostroma province by a peasant-aristovtsev [8] . Whether the temple suffered a fire is unknown.
After the death of D. P. Tatishchev and especially after the abolition of serfdom, the state of the temple began to deteriorate gradually, and the building by the end of the XIX century. was considered old, so that during the years 1902-1903. the church had to be repaired both inside and outside [9] . The ceiling and walls in the winter temple were painted again, and the dome, columns and altar wall were painted by the summer master from the Great Salts of the Kostroma province N. I. Bazhanov [10] .
In Soviet times, the church did not close and continued to operate, which preserved its appearance and decoration [11] .
Architectural Features
Originally, the temple was a two-tiered rotunda and, despite the extension of 1851, which greatly changed the overall appearance of the church, the centric dome structure remained the main temple volume. Tuscan porticoes , placed on the cardinal points and forming a cross in plan, are formed by paired, elongated proportions columns with a characteristic bend and completed with triangular gables , having cornices, decorated with denticles and relief images of the all-seeing eye in timpanas popular during the construction of the church. The altar part is also made in the form of a portico, which is unusual, but with deaf side walls.
The rotunda is visually divided into several levels: the first is formed because of the continuous design of the lower part of the temple with a wide ribbon rust, the border of which coincides with the eaves of the Ionic porticoes framing rectangular windows with colored stained glass windows depicting Maltese crosses. The next level separates the triglyphic - metopic frieze, encircling the rotunda parallel to the bottom with the denticles. Venetian windows , which pass through a large amount of light, are cut in the cardinal directions according to the porticos, and are distinguished by a small decor that creates another belt on the outside of the temple. A small chapter in the form of an episcopal miter on the light drum at the end gives the entire second tier of the temple a shape that is close in volume to the regular pyramid.
The first tier of the bell tower is decorated as well as the first tier of the rotunda that architecturally united both buildings. The second and third tiers of the bell tower are through arched, their corners are decorated with pilasters, and both tiers are completed with eaves with dentils, which is in line with the decor of the rotunda, and the bell tower is completed with a small dome with a spire.
The refectory in three light axes with arched windows, added later, connects the church with the bell tower and breaks out of the rhythm and appearance of the early main buildings both in size and proportions (the height difference, due to which the refectory “cuts” into the former western entrance to the rotunda; the refectory width almost two times more than the main volume, because of which the perception of the entire ensemble is disturbed - respectively, the buildings quite significantly lose their lightness and correctness of the composition), and the almost complete absence of architectural design and decor.
Interior
The internal decision of the Sergievsky church repeats the decision of the appearance of the external one, which gives the monument the unity of the three-dimensional composition. The interior is also divided into two main tiers: the lower part of the rotunda is occupied by the massive colonnade of the Corinthian order, in which choirs surrounded by a balustrade are arranged in a circle around the entire temple. Above the colonnade covers a wide frieze decorated with arabesques and shallow caissons with rosettes in the center, and the columns are decorated with pinkish-yellow artificial marble. [12]
There are two chapels in the winter church: in the name of St. Nicholas and in the name of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God. In 1911, there were icons in the winter temple, transferred from old wooden churches [10] . During the repair of 1902-1903. the church was completely painted anew: on the ceiling of the winter temple there are images of the four evangelists and the God of hosts [10] , while in the summer dome it is decorated ornamentally.
Project authorship
The church has no analogues in the Rostov district and the author of its project remains unknown [13] . There are assumptions about the foreign, more precisely, Italian origin of the church [13] , they also look for the author among famous architects of that time, considering that the architecture of the church in its original execution clearly belongs to Russian Palladianism. So, for example, N. S. Borisov reasonably assumes the involvement of N. A. Lvov in the design of the temple. [14] The similarity of the spatial solutions of the Sergievskaya Church with the buildings of one of the greatest architects of Moscow classicism, MF Kazakov, is noted [15] , for example, with the Church of St. John the Forerunner, preserved only from photographs of the Beheading Church on Pokrovka. It is also necessary to take into account that S. P. Tatishchev during the construction of the church worked Italian architect of Swiss origin, Gaudenzio Maricelli, and if it is difficult to draw parallels between the church buildings of the architect and Sergievsky church, then when comparing S. P. Tatishchev (p. Old Vichuga), made in the classical style, you can find some similarities in the details and, especially, in their performance. This suggests the involvement of Maricelli, if not to the authorship of the project, then to its implementation.
Comments
- ↑ When describing the “production of the church structure,” S. K. Zabolotsky refers to the temple-issued letter, as well as to other documents from the archive of the church, such as a receipt and expense book, inventories and various reports [3] .
- ↑ D.P. Tatishchev visited his estate only once, and his brother was in charge of the economic affairs of the estate.
Notes
- ↑ S. Tatishchev. Rod Tatishchevs. - SPb. , 1900. - p. 23.
- ↑ Alitova, 2008 , p. 356.
- ↑ Zabolotsky, 1911 , p. 22-26.
- ↑ 1 2 Titov , p. 562.
- ↑ Zabolotsky, 1911 , p. 26
- ↑ Zabolotsky, 1911 , p. 28
- ↑ Zabolotsky, 1911 , p. 28-29.
- ↑ Titov , p. 563.
- ↑ Zabolotsky, 1911 , p. 32.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Zabolotsky, 1911 , p. 29.
- ↑ Alitova, 2008 , p. 358.
- Т. Fedotov T.P. Around Rostov the Great. - M. , 1987. - p. 64.
- ↑ 1 2 Alitova, 2008 , p. 359.
- ↑ Borisov N. S. Suburbs of Yaroslavl. - M. , 1984. - p. 116-117.
- ↑ Alitova R. F. Rostov church architecture of the XVIII century. - M., 2010. - p. 182.
Literature
- Alitova R. F. Church in the Tatishchevo churchyard of the Rostov district of the Yaroslavl province // NA N. Lvov. Life and art. - SPb. 2008
- Titov A. A. The village of Tatishchev-Pogost (Rostov district) and the forgotten grave at the rural church. - Historical Bulletin of 1897 - XI of the book.
- Zabolotsky S.K. The village of Tatishchev Pogost and the arrival of its Yaroslavl province, Rostov district. - SPb. 1911.
Links
- Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh . Orthodox web site Prihod.ru - Prikhod.ru. The appeal date is September 27, 2018.
- Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh in Tatishchev Pogost on the site "Temples of Russia".