Samsun [1] , also Samsun-Dag ( tour. Dilek Dağı, Samsun Dağı ) is a sheer high mountain range in western Turkey , on the Dilek Peninsula ( Dilek Yarımadası ), on the Ionian coast of Asia Minor , opposite the island of Samos . It is a western, forested spur of the Aydin mountains. The highest point is 1229 meters above sea level [1] .
| Samsun | |
|---|---|
| tour. Dilek dağı | |
 View from the island of Samos to the Samos Strait and the Samsun ridge | |
| Highest point | |
| Absolute height | 1229 [1] m |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| Silt | Aegean region |
| Ilche | Aydin |
In ancient geography it is known as Mikale ( dr. Greek. Μῠκάλη ). Mentioned by Homer [2] , Thucydides [3] and Herodotus .
It forms a cape, known in ancient geography as Mikale or Trogili (Trogillius, other Greek: Τρωγύλλιον , Acts 20:15 ) [4] . In the strait between Samsun and the island of Samos occurred in 479 BC. e. the famous naval battle of Mikal , in which the Greeks, under the command of Leotichid and Xanthippus , defeated the Persian fleet [3] [5] .
Around the ridge were ancient cities: Priena , to the south - Miletus and Miunt , to the north - Ephesus .
Part of the ridge is included in the National Park of the Dilek Peninsula and the Delta of the Great Menderes River .
Boarding
On the north side of the ridge was located Paniony ( dr. Greek Πᾰνιώνιον ), a place with a sacred grove and a temple dedicated to Poseidon Heliconius [6] , where representatives of the cities of the Ionian Union gathered for the Feast of Panionia ( Πᾰνιώνια ) [7] . As Herodotus mentions, the Ionians gathered there not only for celebration, but also whenever a meeting of all the Ionic cities was required. There is no exact information about what Panyonii is, but according to legend, it was originally a panegerium and games established by Nileus , the founder of Miletus, around 1050 BC. e., at which sacrifices were made. However, Strabo and Diodorus of Sicily report that the sacrifices were performed without games, as in other Greek holidays. Priests according to Strabo were the priens [8] . Later, the festive assembly was moved to a place near Ephesus [9] .
The union of the Ionian cities participating in the Pannions included: Miletus, Miunt, Priena, Ephesus, Colophon , Lebedos , Theos , Clazomen , Fokey , Erifra , Samos and Chios [10] [11] , later the city of Smyrna [12] , about which Coins of Smyrna 88-84 years BC. e.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Greece: Reference card: Scale 1: 1 000 000 / hl. ed. Y. A. Topchiyan ; Ed .: G. A. Skachkova , N. N. Ryumin . - M .: Roskartografiya, Omsk Cartographic Factory , 2001. - (The countries of the world "Europe"). - 2000 copies.
- ↑ Homer . The Iliad. II, 869
- ↑ 1 2 Thucydides . Story. I. 89
- ↑ Strabo . Geography. XIV, 1, 12-13
- ↑ Herodotus . Story. IX 90-105
- ↑ Strabo . Geography. VIII, 7, 2
- ↑ Herodotus . Story. I 148
- ↑ Strabo . Geography. XIV, 1, 20
- ↑ Diodorus of Sicily . Historical library. XV, 49
- ↑ Pausanias . VII, 4, 10
- ↑ Herodotus . Story. I 142
- ↑ Obnorsky, Nikolai Petrovich. Panionia // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1897. - T. XXIIa. - S. 697.
Literature
- Mikale // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1896. - T. XIX. - S. 242-243.
- Mikale // Lintulaks - Mine (training-mine) unit of the Baltic Fleet. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1914. - S. 284. - ( Military Encyclopedia : [18 vol.] / edited by K. I. Velichko [and others ]; 1911-1915, v. 15).
- Mikale // Moesia - Morshansk. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1974. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. Ed. A. M. Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 16).
- Mikale // Soviet Historical Encyclopedia : in 16 vol. / Ed. E. M. Zhukova . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1966. - T. 9: Malta - Nakhimov. - 1000 stb.
- Mikale // Dictionary of Antiquity = Lexikon der Antike / Per. with him. Editorial: V.I. Kuzishchin (ed.) And others. - M .: Progress, 1989 .-- 704 p. - ISBN 5-01-001588-9 .