Nifanda is dark [1] [2] , or the bluefin nifanda [3] , or nifanda [4] ( Niphanda fusca ) is a species of diurnal butterflies from the family of blues (Lycaenidae). It is listed in the Red Book of the Chita Region and the Agin-Buryat Autonomous Region.
Nifanda is dark | ||||||||||||||||
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Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||||
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Latin name | ||||||||||||||||
Niphanda fusca ( Bremer & Gray, 1853) |
Description
The length of the front wing of males is 14-21 mm, females 16-22 mm [1] . Wingspan of males 24-28, females 29-42 mm [3] [2] . Wings to the top are pointed. Eyes are hairy. Antenna mace flattened. The upper side of the wings is brown on top with purple tint, the spotted pattern of the underside of the wings is slightly visible through the background. The wings of the female are wide, rounded. The color of the female is brown, sometimes with weak lumens. The underside of the wings is brown with a pattern of round and rectangular spots surrounded by whitish fields. Characteristic is a large triangular shaped root patch on the front wing, which is absent from other blues [1] [3] .
Area
Russia (Southern Baikal, Eastern and Southeastern Transbaikalia, Priamurye, Primorye ), Japan , Korea , China [1] [4] .
It prefers oak forests, thickets of bushes in river valleys, zakustarenny steppe slopes along the edges of intermountain depressions, adjacent to the valley [4] [5] [6] .
Biology
During the year it develops in one or two generations [3] [4] . Butterflies fly from June to August, early September [3] [1] . Nutrition of butterflies on sorbary flowers, Lilium buschianum and Celmatia hexapetala [4] is noted . The female lays eggs one by one or in small groups on the bark of oaks where there are aphids and ants [4] . In Japan, the clutches were noted on pine, Loha, honeysuckle, grass miscanthus [4] . Young caterpillars live on oaks and some other trees and shrubs, on which they feed on sweet secretions of aphids , after wintering, adult caterpillars live at the expense of ants ( myrmecophiles ) [2] [7] [8] . After wintering at the 3rd age, the caterpillar is a light yellowish-pink color. The pupa is dark brown on the dorsal side and whitish on the ventral side. They are located in an anthill [4] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Determinant of insects of the Russian Far East. T. V. caddis flies and lepidoptera. Part 5 / under total. ed. P. A. Lera . - Vladivostok: Dal'nauka, 2005. - 575 s. - 500 copies - ISBN 5-8044-0597-7 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Small Encyclopedia of Transbaikalia: Natural Heritage / ch. ed. R.F. Geniatulin. - Novosibirsk: Science, 2009. - 698 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Sochivko A.V. , Kaabak L.V. Key to butterflies of Russia. Day butterflies. - M .: Avanta +, 2012. - 320 p. - 5000 copies - ISBN 978-5-98986-669-4 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Korshunov Yu.P. Determinants on the flora and fauna of Russia // Lepidoptera of Northern Asia. Issue 4. - M .: KMK Scientific Publications Partnership, 2002. - 424 p. - ISBN 5-87317-115-7 .
- ↑ Nakamura Y. (2011). Conservation of butterflies in Japan: status, actions, and strategy. Journal of Insect Conservation. Vol 15 (1-2), 5-22.
- ↑ Hojo, MK, Wada-Katsumata, A., Ozaki, M. et al. Gustatory synergism in ants mediates a species-specific symbiosis with lycaenid butterflies. Journal of Comparative Physiology A (2008) 194: 1043.
- ↑ Wada A., Isobe Y., Yamaguchi S., Yamaoka R., Ozaki M. (2001). Taste of Glyucine on the Sweetness of Glucose: A Gustatory Aspect of Symbiosis between the Ant, Camponotus japonicus and Niphanda fusca. Chemical Senses. Volume 26 (8), 983.
- ↑ Takeuchi, T., Takahashi, J., Kiyoshi, T. et al (2015). Genetic differentiation in the endangered myrmecophilous butterfly Niphanda fusca: a comparison of natural and secondary habitats. Conservation Genetics Vol 16 (4): 979.