Aghgan, Aghgan ( Mong. Aganan, Abganar ) - an ethnic group that is part of the southern Mongols . They live in the territory of the khoshun Abga-Qi and the city district of Shilin-Hoto aimag Shilin-Gol of Inner Mongolia . Generic names with the root "Avga, Abga" are noted in many other Mongolian peoples.
| Avganars | |
|---|---|
| Modern self-name | Avganar, Abganar |
| Abundance and area | |
 Inner Mongolia  Mongolia  Buryatia  Kalmykia | |
| Tongue | Mongolian |
| Religion | Buddhism , shamanism |
| Included in | mongols |
| Related peoples | Avga , Khalkha-Mongols , Buryats , Oirats |
| Origin | Mongolian |
History
The ethnonym “avga” goes deep into history, down to the Syanbi , as G. Sukhbaatar testifies in his work, the first to propose such an interpretation was L. Bazen comparing with the “Abga, Avga” the Syanbi Aymak Afugan [1] .
From the XIII to the beginning of the XX centuries. The Avga and Aganar tribes were ruled by Genghis Khan 's younger brother - Belgutei and his descendants. In the Mongolian dictionaries it is written: “paternal brothers are called“ avga ”” [2] . Avga is a generic name formed by combining the two words abu (aav) - father + ag-a (ah) - brother. Since Belgutei was attributed to the children of Genghis Khan's uncles (auga), respectively, the tribe who submitted to him - the "uncle tribe" - was called the Auguts, the Avanar tribe. Avga and Aganars appeared in the XIII century. of the people bestowed by Genghis Khan on his brother Belghutay . Some of them mixed not only with the Mongol-speaking tribes - Oirats , Khalkhs , Buryats , Inner Mongols and Kalmyks , but also became part of the Turkmens , Telengits and Evenks , assimilated with them and formed one clan [3] .
During the Ming Empire , in the territory of the modern aimak Shilin-Gol of Inner Mongolia, there were nomadic descendants in the 17th tribe of Belgutay - the brother of Genghis Khan , so the local Mongols were called “Abganar, Aganar” (translated from Mongolian “Abga, Avga” means “uncle by father "). When in the first half of the XVII century. the Mongols obeyed the Manchus , the latter introduced their eight- banner system among the Mongols , and the Aganars were divided into two “banners” ( in Mongolian - Hoshuna): Abganar-Zoitsi (“Khoshun of the left-wing Abganars”) and Abganar-Yuitsi (“Khoshun of the right-wing Abganars” wings ”), the princes commanded the“ wings ”in the rank of“ bail ”. In addition to the Aghans, the Avga and Khotsit (Khuchit) tribes also lived here.
Under the Republic of China, the management system of the Mongols did not change, but after the establishment of communist power, changes in the administrative division began. In the spring of 1949 , the khoshuns Abganar-Zuoci (阿巴哈纳尔 左翼 旗), Abga-Zuoci (阿巴嘎 左翼 旗) and Hotsit-Yuiqi (浩 齐 特 右翼 旗) were united in Zhongbu-Lianhezi (中部 联合 旗, " The united khoshun of the central tribes ”), and Abganar-Yuitsi (阿巴哈纳尔 右翼 旗) ended up in Sibu-Lianhetsi (西部 联合 旗,“ the united khoshun of the western tribes ”). On May 26, 1952 , Zhongbu-Lianheqi and Sibu-Lianheqi were united into the Hoshun Sibu-Lianheqi.
On July 3, 1956 , by decision of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China, the khoshun Sibu-Lianheqi was renamed Abga-Qi , and on August 21 of that year, Shilin-Hoto was removed from his composition, who became directly subordinate to the aimak government.
As for the Avguts among the Khalkhs and the Buryats , they apparently appeared in the 15th - 17th centuries. of the Avguts — the southern Mongols , who were ruled by the descendants of Belgutei . When the Avguts, who lived under the auspices of the Khalkha Setsen Khan in the Kerulen and Khalkh Gol river basins , became part of the Qing State in the 1680s, more than 1000 families remained among them among the Khalkhs and Barguts [4] . Thus, the generic name of the Avga over time became an ethnic name. As for the word avgachuud, it is formed by joining to the base of the word avga affix-chuud. Also, with the addition of the affixes -d, -c, and -nar, Avgad, Avgas, and Avga-Nar were obtained [5] .
Among the Buryats there is the genus Ashibagat (Ashihavat) , the name of which was formed as a result of the addition of two Mongolian words: ach - grandson (among the Buryats - ag aši) [6] , nephew [7] and Avgad (ači + abаγad) [6] .
Settlement
At present, the Aganars and Avga live in the territory of the khoshun Abga-Qi and the city district of Shilin-Hoto aimak Shilin-Gol of Inner Mongolia .
In Mongolia, Avga, Avgas, Avgad, Avguts-taiji (Avga tajj nar), Avga Hariads and Avguts - live in somons Хөх morte, Taishir Gobi-Altai aimag; somonakh Nөmrөg, Tsagaankhayrhan and Otgon Zavkhan aimag; Somone Shine-Ider of the Hubsugul aimag; Somonah Gurvan Bulag, Bayanbulag Bayanhongorsky aimak, somone Hutag-Өndөr Bulgan aimag; somons Dalanzhargalan, Ayrag, Ihhet East Gobi aimak; Somonakh Bayan Dun, Halhgol of the Eastern aimak; Somonakh Tsagaandelger, Deren, Gov-Ugtaal Sүkhbaatar Aymak; somons Mөngөnmort, Erdene, Bayan, Bayandelger, Bayantsagaaana, Bayanchandman, Arbulag, Sergelan, Argalan of the Central aimak; somonakh Dadal, Norovlin, Zhargalthaan and Darkhan of the Khentei aimak; Somonah Naranbulag, Hargas Ubsunur aimag; somonahs Myangad, Erdeneburen, Manhan of the Kobdan aimak [8] [9] .
The genus Avga is part of the Khalkha-Mongols and other Mongolian peoples. One of the maps of the Ethnolinguistic Atlas of the MPR testifies to the wide distribution in Mongolia of tribes with the roots of “Abga, Avga”, “awãgã” ( Abgatuud, Baruun Abga, Zuun Abga , and also the Abga proper ) [10] . Abaganars are known among Kalmyks . The composition of the Derbets [7] , bayats , and olets is Avgas [11] . The genus Avgas is also part of the Basigites, a subethnos of the Mangat [12] . In the work of H. Nyambuu in the list of subdivisions of the Barguts the small tribe Avgachuul is also mentioned [13] . Among the Uzumchins - Avgachin [7] .
Abganers (Aganars) among Kalmyks - Derbets include the groups of clans: barun, ketchiner, avankin (avikhin), asmat (asmud), bakshinkin (noinakhin), hapchin. Barun-abganery are divided into the following subgroups: 1. Ar barun (northern Barunians): Arvan Chavchakhin, Damchakhin, Ishthud, Shonhrmud. 2. Dund barun (middle Barunians): arvans charyady, boat-hood, keryahin (instrument), doojahn, emgnahin. 3. Omin Barun (southern Barunians): orkchikhin, tugdakhin, ookldud [14] . V. Papuyev identifies only two subgroups of barun, the first including the listed arvans of the subgroups ar barun and arvanes of chaachikhin, tugd, gelgyakhin, and the second - arvanes of saryad, keryakhin, erkikhikhin, tugd, sasgud, boothuhud, hasgood, emgnyakhin, 15 . Ketchiner-abganers are divided into the following subgroups: coldus, baga-ketchiner, mayktnar, naminakhin, dadzhinkin, burkhchinhin, jamchahin, zyayasngyud, cejinkin, bevgesyud, angdugud, nyagnyakhin, chochungud, archs. Neunakhin abganers include Arvana Honud (including Noha Honud and Noyon Honud), Asmud, Barun, Bedzhankin, Hoshud, Menchkud, and Batkasud [14] . In the group of avikhin (or avankin), the arvans of baga-barun, saxunahin, dzhirgylyakhin [16] (dzhirgynyakhn) [14] , galjingud [16] (galjgud) [14] , sarvakhin or sherkesh (serkesh) [16] , boothood, chovshahin are allocated , Mishkihin, Maatkud, Chakalmud. Asmatov (asmud) there are ten subgroups (called turl - a group of relatives): galdzhigud, maatkud, tsyadymyud, shonkhormud, chakalmud, chovushakhin, ulanakhin, cholunakhin, tsagan-manzhikin, bulgud. The hapchins include six Turls: Chevnr, Tuckermyud, Borlngud, Hasgood, Erketen, Meltyakhin, Mashtgud [14] . According to G. O. Avlyaev, Abganers among the Kalmyks are known by the following names: Abganer, Aggnr, Tergti-Aggnr, Gakhankin Aggnr, Bashantin Aggnr, Abganer-Kebut [17] .
The basis of the Derbet subethnos of the Kalmyks was made up of the groups Tuktun, Burul, Zyun, Shabiner, and Aganer (Aganar). In the composition of the süns, the abganer-kyubut (abganer-kevyud), the avganar (among the sharnut-chonos and the bug of the chonos), the syan aganar and the mu avganar (among the iki-chonos) are noted. Abganers are also known in the ethnic groups of the Buruli: iki-buruli, Uldyuchins, Mandzhikins (Mandzhinkins, Mandzhenkins) [14] .
Among the Buryats, the following genera were noted: Abaganad (Abaganud) among the Bulagates [18] , Kharanuts ( Aganat-Kharanut genus ) [19] , Ekhirits [20] , Atagans [21] , Kudinsky [18] , Kudarinsky [22] and Selenginsky Buryats [ 18] ; abgad (avgad) among the Selengin Buryats [18] and in particular among the Tabanguts [23] ; Ashibagad (Ashaabagad) among the Bulagates [18] , Tabanguts [23] , Nizhneudinsky , Balagan , Kudinsky , Kudarinsky and Selenginsky Buryats [18] . In the composition of the Selenga Buryats , the generic name abagad-abgotsol was also noted [21] . The Khuhur (subgenus) of the Abga was noted in the Khori -Buryat genus Khargan [24] . Among the Mongols of Mongolia , the genus Ashaavgad Songol ( Ashibagad Songol) is mentioned [25] . As part of the Hamnigan genus, the mungal is a subdivision of asivagat [26] .
On the territory of the Selenginsky aimak of Mongolia, Buryats are inhabited by bearers of clan names: ach abgad , ashibagad [27] . The descendants of the Ashibagats living in the territories of the Khubsugul , Zabkhan , Arkhangai [11] , Bulgan , Central Aymaks of Mongolia [6] are now carriers of the ethnonym Chariad . In the composition of the Hariads, there are births: Ach Hariad, Avga Hariad, Baruun Hariad (Western Hariads), Zuun Hariad (Eastern Hariads), Dund Hariads (Middle Hariads) [11] , Sakhlag Tsagaan Khariad [6] .
The indicated Abag groups are part of an ancient ethnic group that retained its name and took part in the formation of both the Khalkha-Mongols , Oirats , Mongols of Inner Mongolia , the Mughals of Afghanistan , and in the formation of modern Barguts and Buryats [7] .
See also
- Avga (Mongols)
- Abga-qi
Links
- Abga-Qi - information about the territory, population and history of changes in the administrative-territorial division on the site 行政 区划 网(Chinese)
Notes
- ↑ Suhbaatar G. Xianbi. - Ulaanbaatar, 1971. - 217 p.
- ↑ Qorin nayiman-tu tayilburi toli. T. 20. Köke qota, 1994. 2012 x.
- ↑ Erdniev U. E. The ethnic composition of the Kalmyks at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. // Bulletin of the Institute. - Vol. 10. A series of ethnography. - Elista: KNIIIYALI, 1974. - S. 36-66.
- ↑ Disan T. Khovdyn өөldiin zarim ovgiin tuhai // Mongol-Solongosyn hamtarsan Erdem Shinzhilgee - 4. - Сөүл, 1996. - H. 315-321.
- ↑ Ochir A. Khalkhyn aryn doloon otghiynkhny ugsaatna bүreldekhүүn, garal, tarhats // Tөv Aziyn nүүdelchdiyin саsaatny tүүkhiyn asuudal. - Ulaanbaatar, 2002. - X. 11-94.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ochir A. Mongolian ethnonyms: questions of the origin and ethnic composition of the Mongolian peoples / Doctor of History E.P. Bakaev, Doctor of History K.V. Orlova. - Elista: KIGI RAS, 2016 .-- 286 p. - ISBN 978-5-903833-93-1 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Nanzatov B.Z. Ethnogenesis of the Western Buryats (VI — XIX centuries). - Irkutsk, 2005 .-- 160 p. . Date of appeal June 16, 2018.
- ↑ Mongol Ard Ulsyn ugsaatny sent, helium shinzhlaleyn atlas. T. I. 75 x .; T. II. 245 x Ulaanbaatar, 1979.
- ↑ Taijiud Ayuudain Ochir, Besүd Jambaldorjijn Serzhee. Mongolchuudyn ovgyin lavlakh. Ulaanbaatar, 1998.67
- ↑ Ethnolinguistic Atlas of the MPR. - Ulaanbaatar, 1979.- 145 s.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Nanzatov B.Z. Ethnic composition and resettlement of the peoples of the Mongolian Altai and Prikhubsugul at the beginning of the 20th century // Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Series: Geoarchaeology. Ethnology. Anthropology. - 2013. - No. 2 .
- ↑ Ekeev N.V. Oirats and Altaians: Ethnic and Ethnocultural Relations and Parallels // Problems of Ethnogenesis and Ethnic Culture of Turkic-Mongolian Peoples. Sat scientific tr / KalmSU; editorial: P.M. Koltsov [et al.]. - Elista. - 2008 .-- S. 92-101 .
- ↑ Nyambuu X. The Mongolian Usaatny Zuy. Udirtgal. - Ulaanbaatar, 1992 .-- 198 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bakaeva E. P. On the ethnic groups of Kalmyks and Buddhist khuruls of the Maloderbetovsky ulus of the Kalmyk steppe of the Astrakhan province at the end of the 19th century // Bulletin of the BSC SB RAS. - 2013. - No. 2 (10) . - S. 91-112 .
- ↑ Papuyev V. The ethnic composition of the Kalmyks: atlas. - Elista: Dzhangar, 2006 .-- 32 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Erdniev U. E. Materials on Kalmyk ethnonymy // Scientific heritage of Professor U. E. Erdniev. - Elista: KalmSU Publishing House, 2005. - S. 113-130.
- ↑ Avlyaev G.O. Origin of the Kalmyk people. - Kalmyk Book Publishing House, 2002. - P. 124. - 325 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nanzatov B.Z. The tribal structure is drilled in the 19th century // Peoples and cultures of Siberia. Interaction as a factor in the formation and modernization. - 2003. - S. 15-27 .
- ↑ Tsydendambaev C. B. Study of Buryat and Russian dialects . - Buryat branch of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1977. - 220 p.
- ↑ Dorzhiev B. Ts., Erdyneev V.L., Budaeva N.P., Tsydypova T.P. Ivalga Goldo Huudaltai Ugay Beseg Zone (Pedigree of the Ivolginsky Buryats) / Bimba Lama Dorzhiev, Gebshe Lama of the Ivolginsky datsan "Khambyn Khure". - Ulan-Ude, 2012 .-- 424 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Tsydendambaev Ts. B. Buryat historical chronicles and genealogies. Historical and linguistic research. - Ulan-Ude: Buryat book publishing house, 1972. - 664 p.
- ↑ Nanzatov B.Z. Kudarinsky Buryats in the 19th century: ethnic composition and resettlement // Bulletin of the BSC SB RAS. - 2016. - No. 4 (24) .
- ↑ 1 2 Vyatkina K.V. Essays on culture and life are being drilled. - Leningrad: publishing house "Science", 1969.
- ↑ Nanzatov B.Z., Sodnompilova M.M. Aginsky Buryats in the 19th century: ethnic composition and resettlement | The Aginsk Buryat in the 19th century: Ethnic Composition and Settlement // Bulletin of the Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
- ↑ Nanzatov B.Z. Ethno-territorial groups and ethnic composition are drilled in modern Mongolia (based on field research) // Bulletin of the BSC SB RAS.
- ↑ Nanzatov B.Z. Barguzinsky district in the 19th century (Issues of the ethnic history of the region and the ethnic composition of the population) // Bulletin of the BSC SB RAS. - 2015. - No. 2 (18) .
- ↑ Buryats of Mongoli: social memory and identity // Power. - 2008. - No. 8 .