Silent toast - drinking toast ; the one who offers it raises his glass (or another vessel for alcohol) and expresses as few words as possible or does not express them at all.
Usually a silent toast is offered for the deceased, for example, "For John, may the Lord rest his soul." The participants in the ceremony silently raise their glasses and wait, often standing, until the one who has made the toast begins to drink.
A silent toast in memory of the departed is an ancient custom, for example, F. Hammer [1] connects it with the ancient Roman libations and the ancient Germanic tradition of drinking “mine”.
Etiquette also allows the use of silent toast to bring attention to a person sitting on the other side of the table or on the other side of the room; at the same time, the one offering the toast raises the glass in the direction of the other person, and both silently drink the drink [2] .
Third Toast
The third toast is the tradition of Soviet and later Russian military personnel, which took shape during the years of the Afghan war [3] : a silent third toast is accompanied by the words: “for those who are no longer with us (next to us)”; “For those who have not returned”; "For the dead" ; in a ritualized feast , a “third toast” can simply be declared [4] . Alcohol is drunk silently, standing, not clinking glasses [5] . S. Yu. Ovsyannikov traces the transformation of the third toast from “for women!” To “for those who are not with us” during the “counter-terrorism operations” [6] .
The third toast, which was widely used during the years of the Afghan war (1979-1989) , firmly entrenched among the participants in the hostilities in their poems and songs. In the future, he appears in the work of veterans of other wars and local conflicts. He also found his application in the power structures of the Russian Federation and the CIS [4] . For example, the name "Third Toast" is the newspaper of Ukrainian war veterans in Afghanistan.
When asked by the correspondent of the newspaper Moskovsky Komsomolets , the commander of the 40th Army, General Boris Gromov , if he had a special toast, he replied:
“Yes, there are no special ...
And the third toast, for those who did not return from the war, is traditional among all “Afghans”
- Boris Gromov: “The most difficult thing in a war is the war itself” [7] [8]
- At the festive table, they honor the Hero of Russia Yuri Em . According to tradition, at the bottom of the glass is the Golden Star medal. Yuri Pavlovich gets up.
- "We have a law: the third toast - let's raise for our dead guys ... It is our duty to remember those who did not return ..."
- “The Star of Colonel Em” [9]
Notes
- ↑ Francis Barton Gummere. Germanic Origins: A Study in Primitive Culture . C. Scribner's sons, 1892.S. 354. (English)
- ↑ Llewellyn Miller. The Encyclopedia of Etiquette. Crown Publishers, 1967.S. 488. (English)
- ↑ Soldier superstitions as a form of everyday religiosity // E. S. Sinyavskaya. The man in the war. M. , 1997.S. 75.
- ↑ 1 2 Third toast // B. L. Boyko, A. Borisov. "Afghan" lexicon. Military jargon of veterans of the Afghan war of 1979-1989
- ↑ Vyacheslav Mironov. I was in this war // We were in these wars: testimonies of participants in the events of 1989-2000. Publishing house of the magazine "Star", 2003.
- ↑ Ovsyannikov Sergey Yuryevich. Realization of the constructive potential of the military subculture in the training of personnel of the troops of the national guard of the Russian Federation : the dissertation for the degree of candidate of pedagogical sciences. FGKVOU VO Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation], 2017. S. 10.
- ↑ Boris Gromov: “The most difficult thing in a war is the war itself” MK newspaper 02.15.2006
- ↑ The third toast is in the book “Afghan” vocabulary. Military jargon of veterans of the Afghan war of 1979-1989 by B.L. Boyko - candidate of philological sciences, professor, A. Borisov - journalist
- ↑ "Star of Colonel Em"
Literature
- Entertaining from Ancient Rome to the Super Bowl: An Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO, 2008.S. 521. (English)
- Minne-Drinking // Teutonic Mythology, by Jacob Grimm; trans. by James Steven stallybrass, vol 1, p. 59-62. (eng.)