Nikolai Nikolayevich Martos ( November 20, 1858 , Poltava - October 14, 1933 , Zagreb , Yugoslavia ) - Russian military leader, general from infantry.
| Nikolai Nikolaevich Martos | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | November 20, 1858 |
| Place of Birth | Poltava |
| Date of death | October 14, 1933 ( 74) |
| Place of death | Zagreb , Yugoslavia |
| Affiliation |  Russian empire |
| Type of army | |
| Years of service | 1875-1920 |
| Rank | general from infantry |
| Battles / wars | Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) , Chinese Campaign , Russo-Japanese War , World War I , Civil War in Russia |
| Awards and prizes | |
Biography
He graduated from the Poltava Cadet Corps (1875) and the 1st Pavlovsk School (1877), was released as second lieutenant in the Life Guards Volyn Regiment .
He participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 . For participation in the battles near Gorny Dubnik and near Plevna, he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav of the 3rd degree and St. Anna of the 4th degree with swords and a bow.
In 1883 he graduated from the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff , after which he was reckoned with the General Staff. Then he was a member of the Caucasus Military District . November 22, 1883 transferred to the General Staff, where he became a senior adjutant to the headquarters of the 39th Infantry Division .
Since June 9, 1884 - senior adjutant of the headquarters of the 2nd Caucasian Cossack Division .
- 1884-1885 - Senior adjutant of the headquarters of the Caucasian Grenadier Division .
- 1890-1894 - Senior adjutant of the headquarters of the Odessa Military District .
- September 9, 1897 - Chief of Staff of the 14th Cavalry Division .
- June 20, 1898 - Chief of Staff of the 13th Infantry Division .
In 1900 he participated in the Chinese campaign , on July 31 he was appointed chief of staff of the landing corps.
- December 9, 1900 - July 2, 1901 - He was at the disposal of the commander of the troops of the Odessa Military District, holding the posts of assistant chief of staff and general quartermaster .
- 1902 - Major General .
October 17, 1904 at his own request sent to the commander of the 2nd Manchu army, participated in the Russian-Japanese war .
- For participation in the battles near Mukden he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav of the 1st degree and Golden Arms.
- February 16, 1905 - Chief of Staff of the VIII Army Corps .
- August 6, 1905 - Head of the 15th Infantry Division .
- May 31, 1907 - Lieutenant General .
- December 29, 1907 - Assistant to the commander of the forces of the Amur Military District , the Amur Governor General and Ataman of the Amur and Ussuri Cossack Cossacks.
- December 28, 1911 - Commander of the XV Army Corps .
- May 3, 1913 - General from Infantry .
- August 1914 - He went to the front as part of the 2nd Army of General A.V. Samsonov .
- August 10-11 - Near Orlau - Frankenau defeated and rejected the reinforced 37th German Division ( it: Battaglia di Orlau-Frankenau ), which (together with the news of the defeat at Gumbinen ) forced the main German command to withdraw two army corps and one cavalry division from the western front and send them to the eastern. As a result of this, the Germans lost the battle decisive for the entire war on the Marne River .
- August 15 - Sent to Naydenburg to organize defense, but at night he was captured by German cavalry, which went behind the lines of Russian troops.
- October 31, 1914 - Deleted as missing.
- 1914-1917 - Contained in prisoner of war camps in Bad Calerna and Blankenburg (near Berlin).
- February 1917 - Imprisoned in the Kyustrin fortress.
- 1918 - Sent to Russia, placed in a hospital in Mtsensk .
- August 1918 - Transferred to a hospital in Moscow, received permission to leave for Kiev .
- Under the hetman , P.P. Skoropadsky was arrested and imprisoned in the Lukyanovskaya prison on suspicion of collaborating with the Bolsheviks, but was soon released and went to Sevastopol .
- 1919 - Enrolled at the headquarters of the Crimean Azov Volunteer Army , temporarily served as head of the sanitary department.
- September 19, 1919 - Head of the State Guard under the Commander-in-Chief of the All - Union Socialist League
- March 1920 - After the defeat of the White armies, he was evacuated from Novorossiysk to Thessaloniki , then to Yugoslavia, where he served as an official of the military department in Zagreb and was in the local department of the ROVS .
He died in Zagreb on October 14, 1933. He was buried with military honors in the local Orthodox cemetery.
Rewards
- Order of St. Anne of the 4th degree (1878)
- Order of St. Stanislav 3rd degree with swords and bow (1878)
- Order of St. Anne of the 3rd degree (1890)
- Order of St. Stanislav 2nd degree (1893)
- Order of St. Anne of the 2nd degree (1896)
- Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree with a bow (1902)
- Order of St. Vladimir 3rd degree (1904)
- Order of St. Stanislav 1st degree with swords (1905)
- Golden weapons (VP 16.02.1907)
- Order of St. Anne 1st degree (12/06/1910)
Foreign:
- Romanian Cross "For crossing the Danube" .
Family
The wife and two sons died during the First World War and the Civil War.
Solzhenitsyn on Martos
| General-from-infantry Nikolai Nikolayevich Martos was, as they say, "a man does not spill a drop." It was unbearable for him to be Russian messiness, “we will wait”, “be wiser in the morning of the evening”, we will sleep, and there God will give it. Every sign of alarm, every unexplained spot immediately urged him to lively research, decision, answer. He had the true gift of a commander: to quickly, accurately and soberly understand any situation and among the most controversial data, and the worse the situation happened, the sharper his penetration and the more boisterous energy. He couldn’t fall asleep with nothing outstanding, he was burned, and therefore he did not get enough sleep, and he smoked and smoked more. He had little sleep - but also the headquarters of the corps, too, for he did not forgive this spilled droplet, he did not understand how to shed it, he demanded to scrape it all right back from the ground. He got sick from every outstanding order, from every unexplained, unanswered question. He did not get tired of trying to get every little thing from every subordinate so that it would be laid out to him like a polished silver coin, but the Russian officers were unusual to such a regime and cursed Martos, and it seemed unbearable to Krymov, which is why he cursed Martos that he “pulled” headquarters". At the Krymov fork, the general could not have been more annoying than Martos. Although his whole life in the army (from the age of nineteen - in the Turkish war), Martos did not look like Russian representative slow generals so much that he seemed deftly dressed as a spar - thin, agile, as if he was not 56 years old now, sharp, and even grooming with a cane-pointer and in an open greatcoat under the epaulettes. He commanded his 15th corps for the fourth year in a row, he knew everyone, and the corps was proud of his commander, and in many winter and summer exercises, maneuvers, training grounds he managed to understand his superiority over other corps. The corps brought up by Martos became worthy of its commander (A. I. Solzhenitsyn. August of the Fourteenth). |
Links
- Martos, Nikolai Nikolaevich . // Project "Russian Army in the Great War".
- Chronos
- Portrait
- Photo (inaccessible link)
Literature
- A.S. Solzhenitsyn . Node I. August of the Fourteenth (Ch. 27) // Red Wheel / N. D. Solzhenitsyna (ed.-Comp.). - M .: Time , 2007. - T. VII ( PSS ), Prince. I. - S. 266–272. - 432 s. - ISBN 5-94117-166-8 .