Metal polymers or metal- filled plastics are multicomponent compositions in the form of a plastic mass with metal fillers, which can be fibers, powders or ribbons of various metals ( iron , copper , nickel , silver , tin , aluminum , lead , cadmium , zinc , zirconium , molybdenum , tungsten , platinum ) or their alloys, metallized powders , metal glasses , as well as fibers of organic or inorganic nature. They use thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers ( polyvinyl chloride , polypropylene , polyamides , polyethylene , fluoroplastics , polyester, phenol-formaldehyde, organosilicon, epoxy resins, etc.), rubbers, and other materials as a bonding base.
Application
In general, metal polymers have higher thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, strength, and heat resistance compared to the starting polymers. When designing many products, metal polymers primarily replace those metals that must have high thermal conductivity and low temperature expansion coefficient (for example, in some parts of bearings ). Often metal polymers become the basis for electrically conductive adhesives, sealants, screens to protect against electromagnetic fields and exposure to ionizing radiation. They also produce magnetic tapes, devices for the removal of static electricity , etc.
Composition and properties
Metal fillers give metal-polymer materials very interesting and specific properties. For example:
- the introduction of fillers based on iron and its alloys into the polymer gives the created materials magnetic properties,
- the introduction of silver, copper, aluminum or their alloys increases thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity ,
- the introduction of aluminum, nickel or silver reduces vapor and gas permeability ,
- the introduction of lead, zinc, zirconium, molybdenum or their alloys reduces the coefficient of friction ,
- the introduction of lead, cadmium or tungsten reduces the permeability to ionizing radiation.
The strength of metal polymers substantially depends on the adhesion of the metal filler with its polymer binder. The highest strength values are achieved when metal particles can be created in the bulk of a polymer, oligomer or monomer, since during their formation they have a very high reactivity [1] [2] .
Notes
- ↑ Metal polymers // Big Russian Encyclopedia : [35 t.] / Ch. ed. Yu.S. Osipov . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
- ↑ Metal polymers // New Polytechnical Dictionary / A. Yu. Ishlinsky. - Moscow: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2000. - S. 294. - 671 p. - ISBN 5-85270-322-2 .