Catholic church of All Saints ( Visų Šventųjų bažnyčia , kościół Wszystkich Świętych ) - Roman Catholic parish church in Vilnius deanery ; Early Baroque architectural monument, one of the earliest and most valuable examples of baroque style reckless temples, built in Lithuania . The complex of the Church of All Saints, the bell tower, the building of the former monastery and novice is protected by the state as an object of national importance (code 815 in the Register of Cultural Property of the Republic of Lithuania [1] ).
| Catholic church | |
| Catholic church of All Saints | |
|---|---|
| Kościół Wszystkich więtych | |
 Catholic church of All Saints | |
| A country |  Lithuania |
| City | Vilnius |
| Denomination | Catholicism |
| Diocese | Vilnius |
| Order of affiliation | Order of the Bare Carmelites |
| Building type | parish church |
| Architectural style | baroque |
| Founding date | 1620 |
| Building | 1620 - 1631 years |
| condition | valid |
| Site | vvsventujuparapija.lt |
It is located along with the ensemble of the Carmelite monastery and the novitiate in the Old Town on a triangular section between the streets Pilimo ( Zavalnaya , Pylimo g. ), Rudninku ( Rudnitskaya , Rūdininkų g. ) And Visu Sventoiu ( All Saints , Visų Šventųjų g ). The official address of st. Rudninku 20/1 ( Rūdninkų g. 20/1 ). Services in Lithuanian and Polish .
History
It was built together with the adjacent ensemble of the Carmelite monastery in 1620 - 1631 years near the city wall near the Rudnitsky gate. When restored after a fire during the war with Moscow in 1655, it was substantially rebuilt. In 1743, at the northeast corner, a high bell tower of complex shape was built in the late Baroque style on the site of the former turret. At the end of 1812, Napoleon’s soldiers burned down benches and confessional; in the temple was a hospital.
In 1823, the church was renewed. In 1885 the monastery was abolished by the Russian authorities, apartments were arranged in its premises. In 1948, the church was closed by the Soviet authorities and was used as a warehouse for groceries . After the restoration works carried out in 1967-1975 under the guidance of architect Aldona Shvabauskene , the Museum of Lithuanian Folk Art (the folk art department of the Lithuanian Art Museum) operated in the church since 1975.
After the change of the state system, the church in restitution in 1990 was returned to the believers and has been operating since 1991 .
Architecture
In terms of the church in the form of a Latin cross , three-nave, basilic type. The peculiarity of the internal space consists in the fact that instead of transepts there are side chapels that form side naves . The side aisles, separated from the central by four pylons on each side, are three times narrower and two times lower than the central nave. The vaults are cylindrical with lunettes . The walls of the nave and vaults, the domes of the side chapels are decorated with ornaments and frescoes with scenes from the lives of saints and the history of Lithuania . The church has eighteen altars with complex sculptural and polychrome decoration . There are two rococo side balconies in presbytery . Decorative stucco made at the end of the XVIII century . A large altar was built around 1787 by the architect Martin Knacfus .
When the restoration started in 1902 on the initiative of the priest L. Chudovsky in 1904, the frescoes were whitened. Their fragments were discovered during the restoration in 1975 .
The main facade is made in architectural forms of the early Baroque. The cornice divides it into two tiers, wide pilasters emphasize the vertical axis and mean the internal structure. The façade is completed by a triangular pediment , on the sides of which obelisks rise . The central axis is underlined by a lush portal with a noticeable renaissance influence and large windows. In the niches stood wooden polychrome statues of the ancestors of the Carmelite monasticism of St. Elijah and St. Elisha (now absent).
Crowned with a rococo helmet and an openwork cross, the monumental bell tower consists of four tiers extending from top to bottom with a different design. Doric pilasters of the lower tier trimmed with rust are contrasted with narrow columns embedded in the corners. Pilasters of the second tier are Corinthian and decorated with a rare stucco motif. Side, obliquely located pilasters of the third tier frame a pair of columns. The fourth tier is decorated with pilasters that grow out of volutes . Niches and window openings of the bell tower of various arched forms are decorated with stucco, and the fourth tier niche, in addition, is fenced with a decorative lattice balcony. The prototype of the bell tower, obviously, served as a tower of the Carmelite church in Glubokoye ( Belarus ), built a decade earlier: the bell tower in Vilnius, built, perhaps by the same architect, repeats their forms in detail. [2]
Main facade
Bell tower and north side facade
Bell tower and main facade
Notes
- ↑ Senosios regulos karmelitų vienuolyno ansamblis (lit.) . Kultūros vertybių registras . Kultūros paveldo departamentas prie Kultūros ministerijos. The appeal date is December 23, 2016.
- ↑ Lietuvos architektūros istorija. T. II: Nuo XVII a. pradžios iki XIX a. vidurio. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla, 1994. ISBN 5-420-00583-3 . P. 61. (lit.)
Literature
- Wilno. Przewodnik krajoznawczy Juliusza Kłosa, Prof. Uniwersytetu St. Batorego. Wydanie trzecie poprawione po zgonie autora. Wilno, 1937. S. 192-193. (polish)
- Monuments of art of the Soviet Union. Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia. Handbook guide. Moscow: Art. 1986. ISBN 5-210-00094-X . S. 402.
- Lietuvos architektūros istorija. T. II: Nuo XVII a. pradžios iki XIX a. vidurio. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla, 1994. ISBN 5-420-00583-3 . P. 58-61. (lit.)