Aldoses are monosaccharides containing an aldehyde group in an open form. In cyclic form, the aldehyde group may be in a disguised form ( hemiacetal ).
Like all carbohydrates, they have the general formula C n H 2 n O n ( ) Aldoses are crystalline substances of a sweet taste, soluble in water.
Glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde are the simplest representatives of aldoses. Belonging to aldoses is designated with the help of the prefix "aldo-". Aldohexoses, aldopentoses, etc. are distinguished depending on the length of the chain.
Aldoses can exist both in cyclic (furanose or pyranose), and in open forms. Aldoses can be converted to ketoses using the Lobri-de Bruyne-van Eckenstein reaction .
Quality response
The Feling solution and the ammonia silver oxide solution serve to distinguish aldoses from ketoses.
Aldose List
- Aldodioses : glycolaldehyde .
- Aldotrioses : glyceraldehyde .
- Aldotetrosis : erythrosis , threosis .
- Aldopentoses : ribose , arabinose , xylose , lyxosis .
- Aldohexoses : allose , altrose , glucose , mannose , gulose , idosis , galactose , talose .
- Aldoheptoses : D-glycero-D-allose , D-glycero-D-altrose , D-glycero-D-glucose , D-glycero-D-mannose , D-glycero-D-gulose , D-glycero-D-idose , D-glycero-D-galactose , D-glycero-D-talose , D-glycero-L-allose , D-glycero-L-altrose , D-glycero-L-glucose , D-glycero-L-mannose , D- glycero-L-gulose , D-glycero-L-idose , D-glycero-L-galactose , D-glycero-L-talosa .
- Aldoctoses : D-erythro-D-allose , D-erythro-D-altrose , D-erythro-D-glucose , D-erythro-D-mannose , D-erythro-D-gulose , D-erythro-D-idose , D-erythro-D-galactose , D-erythro-D-thalose , D-threo-D-allose , D-threo-D-altrose , D-threo-D-glucose , D-threo-D-mannose , D- threo-D-gulose , D-threo-D-idose , D-threo-D-galactose , D-threo-D-talose , D-erythro-L-allose , D-erythro-L-altrose , D- erythro L-glucose , D-erythro-L-mannose , D-erythro-L-gulose , D-erythro-L-idose , D-erythro-L-galactose , D-erythro-L-thalose , D-threo-L- allose , D-threo-L-altrose , D-threo-L-glucose , D-threo-L-mannose , D-threo-L-gulose , D-threo-L-idose , D-threo-L-galactose a , D-threo-L-talose .
- Aldononoses : D-ribo-D-allose , D-ribo-D-altrose , D-ribo-D-glucose , D-ribo-D-mannose , D-ribo-D-gulose , D-ribo-D-idose , D-ribo-D-galactose , D-ribo-D-thalose , D-arabino-D-allose , D-arabino-D-altrose , D-arabino-D-glucose , D-arabino-D-mannose , D- arabino-D-gulose , D-arabino-D-idose , D-arabino-D-galactose , D-arabino-D-talose , D-xylo-D-allose , D-xylo-D-altrose , D-xylo- D-Glucose , D-Xylo-D - Mannose , D-Xylo-D-Hulose , D-Xylo-D-Idose , D-Xylo-D-Galactose , D-Xylo-D-Talose , D-Lixo-D -alloza , D-lyxo-D-altrose , D-lyxo-D-glucose , D-lyxo-D-mannose , D-lyxo-D-gulose , D-lyxo-D-idose , D-lyxo-D- alaktoza , D-lyxo-D-talose , D-ribo-L-allose , D-ribo-L-altrose , D-ribo-L-glucose , D-ribo-L-mannose , D-ribo-L-gulose , D-ribo-L-idose , D-ribo-L-galactose , D-ribo-L-talose , D-arabino-L-allose , D-arabino-L-altrose , D-arabino-L-glucose , D- arabino-L-mannose , D-arabino-L-gulose , D-arabino-L-idosa , D-arabino-L-galactose , D-arabino-L-talosa , D-xylo-L-allose , D-xyl- L-Altrose , D-Xylo-L-Glucose , D-Xylo-L-Mannose , D-Xylo-L-Hulose , D-Xylo-L-Idose , D-Xylo-L-Galactose , D-Xylo-L- talose , D-lyxo-L-allose , D-lyxo-L-altrose , D-lyxo-L-glucose , D-lyxo-L-mannose , D-lyxo-L-gulose , D-lyxo-L-id for , D-lyxo-L-galactose , D-lyxo-L-talose .
See also
- Carbohydrates
- Ketoses
- Monosaccharides
Literature
- A.N. Bochkov, V.A. Afanasyev, G.E. Zaikov. Carbohydrates. Science, 1980 electronic reference the version
- Nomenclature of Carbohydrates. IUPAC directions. 1996 year. English