Saint Nicholas (battleship, 1748)

One of the nineteen sailing 54-gun battleships of the Peter II type, built from 1724 to 1768 at the shipyards of Arkhangelsk and St. Petersburg . In total, nineteen battleships were built as part of the series ^{[comm. 1] [1]} .

The length of the ship according to various sources was 43.57-43.6 meters ^{[comm. 2]} , width from 11.6 to 11.7 meters ^{[comm. 3]} , and draft from 5.1 to 5.5 meters ^{[comm. 4]} . The armament of the ship was 54 guns, including eighteen-, eight- and four-pound guns, and the crew consisted of 440 people ^{[2] [3] [4]} .

After launching in 1754 the eponymous 80-gun ship in the lists of the fleet was listed under the name "St. Nicholas II" ^[5] .

The battleship Saint Nicholas was laid down at the Solombala shipyard on June 16 ( 27 ), 1747 and, after launching on May 8 ( 19 ), 1748 , became part of the Baltic Fleet of Russia . The construction of the ship was carried out by shipbuilder I.V. Yames ^{[4] [5] [6] [7]} .

From June to October 1748 he made the transition from Arkhangelsk to Revel , and then to Kronstadt . In June and July 1749, he was part of a squadron transporting the property of the Russian expeditionary force from Danzig to Revel. From 1750 to 1753 he took part in practical and cruising voyages of squadrons of ships of the Baltic Fleet in the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea . July 30 ( August 10 ), 1752 also participated in the grand opening of the Peter the Great Canal in Kronstadt ^{[5] [8]} .

He took part in the Seven Years War. In the spring of 1757, it was converted into a hospital ship, among other things, 2 cows and 20 rams were loaded onto the ship to provide the sick and wounded with milk and meat. From May 31 ( June 11 ) to June 16 (27) he made the transition from Kronstadt to Memel as part of the squadron of Admiral Z. D. Mishukov , who came to block the coast of Prussia , and, taking on board 216 patients from the ships of the fleet, went to Revel . On August 6 (17) he returned to the squadron located on the Danzig raid, and together with her went on a cruising voyage to the Swedish coast. On August 12 (23), the squadron fell into a storm, during which "Saint Nicholas II" damaged the main mast , and therefore was forced to separate from the squadron, and on August 16 (27) came to Revel, and then on August 17 (28) - in Kronstadt ^[5] .

To the campaign of 1758 with2 ( 13 ) on July 9 (20), as part of a squadron, he crossed to the Zund Strait, where he joined the participation in the operation of the joint Russian-Swedish fleet to block the strait, which was carried out with the aim of closing the English fleet's entry into the Baltic Sea. July 10 (21) took on board the patients from the squadron’s ships and went to Revel, and then to Kronstadt ^[5] .

In the campaign of 1759 from July to September it was part of the united Russian-Swedish squadron ^{[comm. 5]} under the general command of Vice Admiral A. I. Polyansky , which provided for the blockade of Prussian ports and the escort of transport ships, which delivered Russian troops from Kronstadt to Danzig. In the campaign of the next 1760, from July to September, he went to Kohlberg as part of a squadron ^{[5] [9]} .

In the campaign of 1761, "St. Nicholas II" did not take part due to disrepair and throughout the campaign was in Kronstadt, where at the end of the service in 1763 he was dismantled ^{[4] [5] [10]} .

At different times, they served as commanders of the battleship Saint Nicholas ^[11] :

• 2nd rank captain N. Molchanov (1748) ^[12] ;
• lieutenant of major rank, then captain of the 3rd rank P. A. Chaplin (1749-1751) ^[13] ;
• lieutenant commander M. Zhidovinov (1752) ^[14] ;
• lieutenant P. Davydov (1753) ^[15] ;
• 3rd rank captain I. Gulidov (1757) ^[16] ;
• 3rd rank captain N. Pushkin (1758) ^[17] ;
• lieutenant captain and then 3rd rank captain E. Rodichev (1759-1760) ^[18] ;
• 3rd rank captain A. F. Baranov (1760) ^[19] ;
• 2nd-rank captain A.E. Shelting (1761) ^[20] .

Comments

References to sources

• Veselago F.F. List of Russian warships from 1668 to 1860. - SPb. : Printing Ministry of the Ministry of the Sea, 1872. - 798 p.
• Veselago F.F. The General Maritime List from the base of the fleet until 1917. - St. Petersburg. : “Atlas”, 2013. - T. 2 / from the death of Peter the Great to the accession to the throne of Catherine II. - 464 p. - (Military Historical Library). - ISBN 978-5-906200-03-7 .
• Chernyshev A. A. Russian sailing fleet. Directory. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1997 .-- T. 1. - 312 p. - (Ships and ships of the Russian fleet). - 10,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-01788-3 .
• Shirokorad A. B. 200 years of the sailing fleet of Russia / Ed. A. B. Vasiliev. - 2nd ed. - M .: Veche, 2007. - 448 p. - ISBN 978-5-9533-1517-3 .