Meter ( dr. Greek. Μέτρον measure, measure; German; Versmaß ) in poetry is a measure of a verse , its structural unit. In ancient metrics (the science of verse), a meter corresponds to a foot or group of feet united by an ikt (the main rhythmic stress). In post-antique times, the content of the term “meter” lost its steady meaning - the meter also began to understand the poetic size [1] (for example, hexameter ), stanza formations (“ Goratian meters”) and, finally, “the most general scheme of the sound rhythm of the verse” ( M . L. Gasparov ) [2] .
Content
Antique Verse Meter
The antique meter could be single-foot and double-foot. In anapestic , trocheic, and iambic verses, the meter is usually double-footed, consists of two feet (the so-called dipodia ); e.g. three iambic meters in the composition of the iambic acatalectic trimester:
- U — ́ ¦ U— | U — ́ ¦ U— | U — ́ ¦ U—
- volés sonare: tú pudica, tú proba ( Hor. Ep. XVII, 41 )
In some cases of a iambic and trocheic verse, a meter can be single-foot, for example. in iambic senar:
- U — ́ | U — ́ | U — ́ | U — ́ | U — ́ | U — ́
- Fabúlla: númquid ílla, Páule, péierát? ( Mart. Ep. VI 12, 2 (inaccessible link) )
In dactylistic and other verses, the meter is single-foot, consists of one foot; e.g. four dactyl meters in the composition of a dactyl catalytic tetrameter:
- —́UU | —́UU | —́UU | —́U
- néc tenerúm Lycidán mirabére ( Hor. Carm. I 4, 19 )
Notes
- ↑ Gasparov M.L. The size of the poetic // Big Russian Encyclopedia. T. 28.M., 2015, p. 171 /
- ↑ Gasparov M.L. Meter // Big Russian Encyclopedia. T. 20.M., 2012, p. 137.
Literature
- Munk E. Die Metrik der Griechen und Römer. Glogau, 1834.
- Sobolevsky S.I. Ancient Greek language. - M. , 1948.
- Sobolevsky S.I. Grammar of the Latin language. Theoretical part. - M. , 1998 .-- S. 404.
- Gasparov M.L. Essay on the history of the European verse. - M. , 2003.
- Tsisyk A.Z., Shkurdyuk I.A. Antique metric. - Mn. , 2004.