Lebedev, Sergey Alekseevich

Born in Nizhny Novgorod in the family of a teacher and writer Alexei Ivanovich Lebedev and a teacher from the nobles Anastasia Petrovna (nee Mavrina). He was the third child in the family. The elder sister is the artist Tatyana Mavrina . In 1920, the family moved to Moscow ^[1] .

In 1921, he passed the exams for a high school course and entered the Moscow Bauman Higher Technical School , which he graduated in April 1928 with a degree in electrical engineer. The thesis, carried out under the direction of Karl Krug , was devoted to the problems of the stability of energy systems created according to the GOELRO plan . Then he worked at the All-Union Electrotechnical Institute . After the electrotechnical faculty of MVTU was separated into an independent Moscow Power Engineering Institute in 1930, he became a teacher at MPEI. In 1933, together with A. S. Zhdanov, he published the monograph "Stability of parallel operation of electrical systems." In 1935 he received the title of professor, in 1939, not being a candidate of science, he defended his doctoral dissertation related to the theory of artificial stability of energy systems developed by him.

For 10 years, he headed the automation department of VEI. During the war, he developed a system for stabilizing a tank gun when aiming, adopted for service, and an analogue automatic homing system for the purpose of an aircraft torpedo. In 1945, he created the country's first electronic analog computer to solve systems of ordinary differential equations , which are often found in problems related to energy.

On February 12, 1945 he was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR , and in May 1946 he was appointed director of the Institute of Energy of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR in Kiev . In 1947, after the separation of this institute, he became director of the Institute of Electrical Engineering, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1946.

In 1947, he organized at the Institute of Electrical Engineering a laboratory for modeling and computer engineering, in which, from 1948-1950, under his leadership, the first Small Electronic Computer (MESM) in the USSR and continental Europe was developed. In 1950 he was invited to the Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering (ITMiVT) of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow, where he directed the creation of BESM -1. After the completion of BESM-1, since 1952 he was director of ITMiVT. The institute subsequently received his name.

Under his leadership, 15 types of computers were created, starting with tube computers (BESM-1, BESM-2, M-20 ) and ending with modern supercomputers on integrated circuits .

In 1953 he was elected an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the department of physical and mathematical sciences (calculating devices). In 1955 he signed the " letter of three hundred ."

He spoke out sharply against the copying of the American IBM 360 system, which was embodied in the EU series of computers that began in the 1970s ^[2] .

In the early 1970s, for health reasons, he could no longer manage ITMiVT, and in 1973, due to a serious illness, resigned as director, continuing to work at home, participating in the elaboration of the principles of the Elbrus supercomputer. He died on July 3, 1974 . He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery ^[3] (plot No. 3).

According to the president of the Russian Academy of Sciences Osipov , Lebedev’s developments “determined the pillar road of world computer engineering for several decades to come”.

Daughter Natalya is a Soviet and Russian historian. ^[four]

• Hero of Socialist Labor (June 1, 1956)
• Stalin Prize of the third degree (1950) - for the development and implementation of a compounding device for power plant generators to increase the stability of power systems and improve the operation of electrical installations
• Lenin Prize (1966) - for the creation of the “A” system (ABM)
• USSR State Prize (1969) - for the development and implementation in the national economy of a high-performance universal computer BESM-6
• Four Orders of Lenin (March 27, 1954, June 1, 1956, November 9, 1962, November 1, 1972)
• Order of the October Revolution (April 26, 1971)
• 2 Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (May 16, 1947, February 23, 1957)
• medals
• Medal " Pioneer of computer technology " (1996 - posthumous ) - for the development of MESM - the first computer in the USSR and continental Europe, as well as for the foundation of the Soviet computer industry.

• Streets in Kiev and Nizhny Novgorod are named after the scientist, a monument to Lebedev was erected in Kiev.
• The Lebedev name was given to the Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering , in the building of which there is a mosaic portrait of a scientist made of multi-colored wood.
• The Russian Academy of Sciences for outstanding work in the field of computer systems development annually presents the Lebedev Prize .
• A memorial plaque is installed on the wall of the house at Novopeschanaya Street No. 21, Building 1, in which Lebedev lived.
• In 2017, the Russian Post issued a commemorative postal card dedicated to the fiftieth anniversary of BESM-6 with a portrait of Lebedev.

• Malinovsky B.N. Academician S.A. Lebedev. K., 1982;
• S. A. Lebedev. On the occasion of the 100th birthday of the founder of domestic computer technology. M., 2002.

• Lebedev, Sergey Alekseevich (Russian) . The site " Heroes of the country ."
• Sergey Alekseevich Lebedev History of the development of information technologies in Ukraine
• Lebedev Sergey Alekseevich Internet project "Computer History in Faces"
• Lebedev Sergey Alekseevich Site MPEI (TU)
• Profile of Sergey Alekseevich Lebedev on the official website of the RAS
• Academician Sergey Alekseevich Lebedev . Site Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering. S. A. Lebedev RAS.
• A. Ivanov. School of academician S.A. Lebedev in the development of domestic computer technology (Russian) // Electronics: NTB. - 2002. - No. 6 . - S. 48-54 .
• Lebedev, Sergey Alekseevich . Computer history.
• Lebedev, Sergey Alekseevich . Computer by computer.
• Article dedicated to the 105th birthday of academician S. A. Lebedev
• S. A. Lebedev (obituary) // Vestnik AN SSSR , 1974, No. 9, p. 109
• The history of domestic electronic computing technology - M .: Metropolitan Encyclopedia, 2014, 576 p. ISBN 978-5-903989-24-9
• Post card dedicated to S. A. Lebedev and BESM-6