Dubrovnitsa [1] ( lat. Dryomyzidae , from other Greek δρυ « -“ Dubrava ” ) - a Holarctic-oriental family of insects from the diptera superfamily Sciomyzoidea was described by the Austrian entomologist Ignaz Schiner as a subfamily of the Muscidae family [2] .
| Dubrovnik | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Dryomyza anilis (Fallén ,, 1820) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| International scientific name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dryomyzidae Schiner , 1862 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type genus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dryomyza Fallén , 1820 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geochronology appeared 37.2 million years
◄ Nowadays◄ Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
External structure
Brown and yellow flies of medium size (4-18 mm). The head is round, the eyes are relatively large. Clypeus large, protruding beyond the lower edge of the face. Postostellate setae long, parallel, or slightly diverging. There is no vibrissa on the edge of the cheeks. The wings are transparent or slightly reddish, longer than the abdomen. The costal vein does not interrupt; the subcostal vein flows into the costal vein. Anal vein reaches wing margin. In front of the top of the lower leg there is a strong bristle. The abdomen is oval, in males, often with parallel edges [3] [4] . The puparium is dark brown, ovoid with a moderately wrinkled surface. Larva of the third age has a conical head and rounded anal end of the body. Creamy-white eggs are elongated. Length 1.2-1.4 mm, width 0.4-0.5 mm. Chorion with a thin, honeycomb mesh [2] .
Dryomyza anilis Fallén Head Side
Dryomyza anilis fallén head in front
Biology
Flies live in humid forests, found on various decaying substrates and the resulting sap of trees. Larvae of most species feed on decaying fungi, excrement, animal corpses, and algae [4] . The Dryomyza anilis Fallén females have two organs for storing sperm: a copulatory bag and three spermateks (two paired and one unpaired). After mating, the sperm enter the copulatory bag, after which the male taps the female on the abdomen to increase the chances of fertilization. During percussion, sperm enter the unpaired spermathecus [5] . Females lay eggs directly on these substrates. Larvae of the genus Oedoparena Curran develop in sea acorns ( Balanus ) [2] [6] . On the northwestern coast of the United States, the frequency of infection of crustaceans with dipterous larvae can reach from 22% to 35% [7] .
Classification
22 species of modern fauna from six genera have been described [2] and four species from three genera are represented in the fossil state [8] . The structure of Dryomyzidae sometimes includes the genus Helcomyza Curtis and related genera in the rank of the subfamily Helcomyzinae [3] .
Distribution
The family is limited in distribution to the northern hemisphere. Most species are found in the Palearctic .
| Kind | Non arctic | Palearctic | Oriental area | Total species |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dryomyza Fallén , 1820 | 2 | eight | 2 | ten |
| Dryope Robineau-Desvoidy , 1830 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Oedoparena Curran , 1934 | 2 | one | 0 | 3 |
| Paradryomyza Ozerov , 1987 | one | 3 | 2 | four |
| Pseudoneuroctena Ozerov , 1987 | one | one | 0 | one |
| Steyskalomyza Kurahashi , 1982 | 0 | one | 0 | one |
| Total species | eight | sixteen | four | 22 |
Paleontology
Two species from monotypic genera were found in Baltic amber of the Eocene age: Palaeotimia lhoesti Meunier , 1908 and Prodryomyza electrica Hennig , 1965 . The species Dryomyza pelidua Statz , 1940 was found in Oligocene deposits in Germany, and Dryomyza shanwangensis Zhang , 1989 in the Miocene of China [8] .
Links
Notes
- ↑ Striganova B.R. , Zakharov A.A. The Bilingual Dictionary of Animal Names: Insects (Latin-Russian-English-German-French) /Ed. Dr. biol. sciences, prof. B.R. Striganova . - M .: RUSSO, 2000 .-- S. 326. - 1060 copies. - ISBN 5-88721-162-8 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Mathis WN & Sueyoshi M. World Catalog and Conspectus on the Family Dryomyzidae (Diptera: Schizophora) (English) // MYIA. - 2011 .-- Vol. 12 . - P. 207-233 .
- ↑ 1 2 Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Vol. 2. - Ottawa: Research Branch Agriculture Canada, 1987 .-- 668 p. - ISBN 0-660-12125-5 .
- ↑ 1 2 Key to insects of the Far East of Russia. T. VI. Diptera and fleas. Part 1 / under the general. ed. P.A. Lera . - Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 1999 .-- S. 553. - 655 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 5-7442-0921-2 .
- ↑ Otronen M. Sperm Numbers, Their Storage and Usage in the Fly Dryomyza anilis (English) // Proceedings: Biological Sciences. - 1997. - Vol. 264 , no. 1382 . - P. 777-782 .
- ↑ Narchuk E.P. Key to families of dipteran insects (Insecta: Diptera) of the fauna of Russia and neighboring countries (with a brief overview of the families of the world fauna). - SPb. : Zoological Institute RAS, 2003. - 252 p. - ISBN 5-98092-004-8 .
- ↑ Harley CDG and Lopez JP The Natural History, Thermal Physiology, and Ecological Impacts of Intertidal Mesopredators, Oedoparena spp. (Diptera: Dryomyzidae) (Eng.) // Invertebrate Biology. - Vol. 122 , no. 1 . - P. 61-73 .
- ↑ 1 2 Fossil Diptera Catalog - Dryomyzidae . hbs.bishopmuseum.org. Date accessed August 24, 2018.