"Communist" - "Free Ukraine" ( Vilna Ukraine ) - "Thunderstorm" - light armored train of the Red Army - Army of the UPR - All - Ukrainian Union of Railways - again the Red Army . One of the armored trains of the Civil War in Russia , which consistently appeared at the three warring parties, which often happened at that time.
| Armored train "Communist" | |
|---|---|
 "Communist" of the Korosten district. 1919 | |
| Affiliation |  RSFSR →  UNR →  Russian state → RSFSR |
| Subordination | RKKA → Army of the UPR → VSYUR → RKKA |
| Exploitation | March 15, 1919 - 1920 |
| Manufacturer | Plant Greter and Krivanek |
| Participation in | Civil war in Russia |
| Technical details | |
| Power point | Type O armored locomotive |
| Power | 600 h.p. |
| The number of armored cars | two artillery |
| Armament | |
| Light weapons | 16 7.62 mm Maxim machine guns |
| Artillery weapons | 4 76.2 mm field guns ("three-inch") |
| Commanders | |
| Famous commanders | Lukian Tabukashvili |
Content
History
It was built between February 18 and March 15, 1919 at the Greter and Krivanek factory in Kiev and was named the “Communist of the Korosten district”. On April 7, he was baptized during the liberation of Korosten by the Red Army .
On June 11 and 12, 1919, after the stubborn onslaught of the UPR troops on the Proskurovsky direction, the situation became threatening for the Red Army soldiers . Red Army units retreated. To maintain the fighting spirit of the troops and delay the advance of the enemy, the “Communist of the Korosten district” armored train was sent there, he moved 35-40 miles in front of the Red Army units to attract the attention of the enemy. Three armored trains of the UPR advanced towards the armored train, and 4 batteries of field guns were also put up. As a result of a protracted artillery duel, the armored train was damaged and surrounded, a six-hour battle ensued with the use of machine guns. As a result of the battle, units of the Ukrainian People’s Republic retreated from the armored train, and he managed to return to the Derazhnya station [1] .
After the battle, the commander - Lukian Tabukashvili , then the commander of the armored column of the 1st Ukrainian Soviet Army , was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for personal courage and heroism [2] .
In August 1919, the armored train was captured by the Galician Army and renamed the armored train "Free Ukraine" [3] .
After the outbreak of the war, the UNR with the Volunteer Army, an armored train was involved in hostilities [4] . After the defeats of Denikin’s in battles, including with the participation of an armored train on September 20 and 28, 1919, the White Guard command on this sector of the front refused to take active measures [5] .
On October 1, an armored train intervened in the battle of the 11th UNR Infantry Regiment against the White Guards in the village of Labushnoye . Without understanding the situation, the crew of “Free Ukraine” opened artillery fire both at the enemy and at their own, inflicting heavy losses on both sides. During October 2 and 3, an armored train covered Ukrainians, but was incapacitated by the fire of enemy guns [6] . October 5, entered into a shootout with the White Guard armored train "Korshun" , after which he retreated to the station Borshchi [7] .
On November 17, 1919, it was captured by units of the All- Ukrainian Union of Liberal Democratic Forces and renamed the “Thunderstorm”. “Thunderstorm” was formed in November 1919 as an abnormal in the Odessa region on the basis of the captured Free Ukraine armored train “Free Ukraine” . Left in January 1920 at the Tiraspol station due to the fact that the Romanians did not allow the retreating whites to Moldova , and they were forced to retreat north of the railway [8] .
Later, it was possible that it was renamed the Armored Train No. 60 named after Karl Liebknecht of the Red Army, which had the same appearance as an armored locomotive and two armored cars with two machine gun turrets and two conical cannon towers with a flat roof [9] .
Notes
- ↑ Korolivsky S. M. Civil War in Ukraine, 1918-1920: a collection of documents and materials. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1967. - T. 2. p. 338
- ↑ History of cities and villages of the Ukrainian SSR, 1973, p. 312
- ↑ Litvin N. G. The Ukrainian-Polish War of 1918-1919 - Lviv: Institute of Ukrainian Studies of NASU; Institute of Central and Eastern Europe, 1998. p. 180
- ↑ Dmitruk V.G. Essay on the history of the Sirozhupanno Division // They fought for the will of Ukraine. - Lutsk: Volyn Regional Printing House, 2007. p. 74
- ↑ Dmitruk V.G. Essay on the history of the Sirozhupanno Division // They fought for the will of Ukraine. - Lutsk: Volyn Regional Printing House, 2007. p. 76
- ↑ Dmitruk V.G. Essay on the history of the Sirozhupanno Division // They fought for the will of Ukraine. - Lutsk: Volyn Regional Printing House, 2007. p. 77
- ↑ Vlasov A.A. On the armored trains of the Volunteer Army. - Military Story, 1971. - No. 96-11
- ↑ Appendix 1. Armored trains of the White movement in Russia. Drogovoz I.G. Fortresses on wheels: History of armored trains. - М .: Harvest, 2002
- ↑ Armored Guard of the Revolution. S. Romadin. Model Designer 1990 № 3 p.21-24
Literature
- Vlasov A. A. About the armored trains of the Volunteer Army, the magazine "Military reality", No. 96. 1971, ed. General Cadet Association, Paris
- Dmitruk V.G. Essay on the history of the Sirozhupanno Division // They fought for the will of Ukraine. - Lutsk: Volyn Regional Printing House, 2007 .-- 1072 p. - ISBN 978-966-361-219-6 .
- Drogovoz I.G. Fortresses on wheels: History of armored trains. - Mn .: Harvest, 2002.
- History of cities and villages of the Ukrainian SSR. Zhytomyr Oblast. - Kiev: Main edition of the SSE AN USSR, 1973. - 751 p.
- Litvin N. G. The Ukrainian-Polish War of 1918-1919 - Lviv: Institute of Ukrainian Studies of NASU; Institute of Central and Eastern Europe, 1998. - 488 p. - ISBN 966-02-0559-7 .
- G. Pernavsky. White armored trains in the Civil War. - M.: Yauza, EKSMO, 2007.