Yilan-Karaul ( kaz. Zhylankarauyl ) is a medieval settlement on the territory of the Suzak region of the Turkestan region of Kazakhstan .
Content
Naming Options
In the literature, the name Kultobe ( Kaz. Kүltөbe ) is also found [1] .
The name Yilan-Karaul in Russian sources can be transcribed as Zhylankarauyl [1] , Zhylan Karauyl [2] or Zhylan Karaul [3] .
A Brief History
The fortification of Yilan-Karaul is mentioned in historical sources of the XV - XVIII centuries . According to reports, in 1582, during the conflict with the Bukhara Khanate, the fortress was destroyed by the Sheibanid army under the command of Ibadullah Sultan. However, the city was finally abandoned only in the XVIII century [3] .
To date, two streets have been excavated in the northwestern part of the settlement. The area of the investigated territory is about 2000 m².
Description
The hillfort is located on a low hill. The shape of the hill in the plan is an oval with dimensions of 180 × 135 m, height - 3-6 m.
On the edges of the settlement there is a stone wall about 1 m wide, which is adjacent to residential buildings. Around the central ruins are separate estates and buildings. The buildings were constructed of stone and raw brick .
Residential buildings were located along the streets, overlooking them with dull facades. The number of rooms in the houses varies from one to four. The interior of the premises is the same. The greater part of them is occupied by the sufa - a small elevation into which the tandoor is deepened. The tandoor is equipped with a short chimney , laid under the sufa and connected to a vertical chimney well in the wall. In the utility rooms, food bins were arranged. Each house had a room for ablution , which indicates the development of Islamic culture.
During the excavation, a large collection of ceramics , bone and stone products was collected. On pottery generic tamgas are depicted. Housewares are similar to items found in the cities of Turkestan , Otrar , Suzak , which indicates the cultural and commercial ties of Yilan-Karaul with these cities.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Zhylankarauyl // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia . - Almaty: Kazakh encyclopedias , 2005. - T. II. - ISBN 9965-9746-3-2 .
- ↑ Medieval cities and architectural monuments / Textbook “Medieval History of Kazakhstan” (Grade 7) . so then UNT (Methodical piggy bank) .
- ↑ 1 2 S. Zholdasbayev. Types of settled settlements of Kazakhs according to archaeological research of South and Central Kazakhstan (XV - XIX centuries) . 20art.ru - 20 kinds of arts (June 6, 2013).
Literature
- Zhylankarauyl // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia . - Almaty: Kazakh encyclopedias , 2005. - T. II. - ISBN 9965-9746-3-2 .
- Materials on the history of the Kazakh khanates of the XV — XVIII centuries. - Alma-Ata, 1969.
When writing this article, material from the publication Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia ”(1998-2007), provided by the editors of the“ Kazakh Encyclopedia ”under a Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 Unported license .