Helen Stöcker (1869-1943) - German feminist , publicist and teacher .
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Biography
Helen Stöcker was born on November 13, 1869 in Wuppertal in the family of a manufacturer in which Calvinist values were professed. She attended high school for girls, then moved to Berlin to continue her education, and from there she moved to the University of Bern , where she became one of the first German women to receive a doctorate. While still a student, she founded the “ Union of Women’s Students ” and at one of the meetings of this society she read the report “ Friedrich Nietzsche and Women ” (later in Weimar she personally met Nietzsche and his philosophy had a significant impact on the “new ethics” theory that Helen Plug promoted throughout life).
In 1902, together with Lida Gustava Hyman, Minna Cauer, and Anita Augsburg, she founded the Union of Women's suffrage .
In 1903, Helen Stoecker became editor-in-chief of the magazine " Women's Review ".
At the beginning of 1905, along with Henrietta Furth and Lily Brown, she initiated the creation of the Union for the Protection of Mothers and Sexual Reform , and for some time she worked in the press organ of this organization, the journal Mother Protection (renamed the New Generation in 1908). The main tasks of the girl’s organization were the eradication of prejudice against unmarried mothers and their children, as well as the abolition of punishments for abortion operations.
The main thesis of the “new morality” by Stöcker was that “ not marriage, but love should be the only legitimate basis for relations between a man and a woman ”, but it was too revolutionary, even for the “ Association of German Women's Unions ” (BDF), which refused to accept “The Union for the Protection of Mothers and Sexual Reform ” among its members.
In 1927, Helen Stöcker visited the Soviet Union .
When the Nazis came to power, not accepting any free-thinking even in sexual aspects , Stöcker emigrated first to Switzerland, then to England, and finally settled in New York on Riverside Drive. She was not destined to survive to the defeat of the Nazis and return to her homeland, cancer had killed her earlier. Helen Stöcker died on February 24, 1943.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118755455 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
Literature
- Annegret Stopczyk-Pfundstein . Philosophin der Liebe. Helene Stöcker. BoD, Norderstedt 2003, ISBN 3-8311-4212-2 .
- Martina Hein . Die Verknüpfung von emanzipatorischen und eugenischem Gedankengut bei Helene Stöcker (1869-1943). Mikrofiche-Ausgabe, 3 Mikrofiches, Bremen 1998, DNB 955529352 (Dissertation Universität Bremern 1998, 230 Blatt).
- Christl Wickert . Helene Stöcker 1869–1943. Frauenrechtlerin, Sexualreformerin und Pazifistin. Eine Biographie. Dietz, Bonn 1991, ISBN 3-8012-0167-8 .
Links
- Stöcker, Helen at the German National Library .