This article is about the area that existed in Petrograd in 1917-1918. The article on the administrative region of the Kiev region, see here: Obukhov district .
Obukhov district - historical toponym; administrative-territorial unit of Petrograd . It was formed in March 1917 in the context of the reform of the administrative-territorial structure of Petrograd that began after the February Revolution . The Aleksandrovsky site , on the territory of which the Obukhov district was created [1] , was located in the extreme southeast of Petrograd, along the Neva, south of the Shlisselburg site .
It is named after the main city-forming object of the region - the Obukhov plant (founded on May 4 ( May 16 ), 1863 by the partnership of P. M. Obukhov , N. I. Putilov and S. G. Kudryavtsev ), located in the village of Aleksandrovsky on the banks of the Neva, on the Shlisselburgsky tract . At the same plant, the nodal station Obukhovo of the Nikolaev Railway, located in the same area, was previously named.
In the course of further reorganization of the urban territorial structure, which took place after the October Revolution , in February 1918 it was merged with the Nevsky District into the Nevsky Obukhov District .
District History
During the reign of Nicholas II, issues of the urban structure of the capital of the Russian Empire fell into decay. Despite the acceleration of industrial growth, during the 23 years of his reign (1894-1917), neither a general survey plan nor a capital book of the capital were drawn up. In fact, at the time of the overthrow of the monarchy, Petrograd did not have legally established city borders. All acts issued by the City Duma in 1895-1917. on this issue, they were copies of the so-called “settlement plan” approved by Alexander II in 1880 [2] .
In attempts to resolve the contradiction between the reluctance to change the composition of city plots (equivalent to administrative districts) and the needs of city growth caused by the growing industry, the authorities found a palliative in the form of so-called suburban plots . Economically, these workers' suburbs already belonged to the capital, but in fact the status of suburban areas differed from the “original” urban ones. For administrative matters, suburban areas were subordinate to the Petrograd city government, and for economic matters, they were subordinate to the district authorities (zemstvos). Numerous attempts by the city authorities to include the so-called suburban areas in the city failed: “a significant part of the working population of the suburbs was in poverty and was not able to pay city taxes. In addition, the obstacles were the low level of improvement, the lack of electricity, running water, sewage, the lack of hospitals, schools and other social infrastructure ” [3]
In this light, it is not surprising that the reform of the urban structure of Petrograd was among the first "legalizations" of the new government under the Provisional Government . On March 24, 1917, the City Duma approved the “Provisional Regulation on the District Duma of Petrograd,” according to which the former sections were abolished, and the regions came in their place as a new type of administrative-territorial unit of the city.
This document did not include all seven suburban sections of Petrograd. So, the Shlisselburgsky district received a new status and began to be called the Nevsky district , while the Alexandrovsky district adjacent to it from the south, from the position of the Provisional Government, remained in a "suspended state" between the city and the Petrograd district . However by this time
The Act of the Provisional Government of July 15, 1917, according to which all suburban areas and the settlements included in their composition were to be annexed to Petrograd, caused discontent from some district dumas. On August 5, 1917, the government had to make a reservation that the new borders of the city were temporary and oblige the Minister of the Interior to resolve this issue together with the county authorities [2] . However, in parallel with this pyramid of governance under the conditions of dual power in Petrograd, as well as throughout Russia, the structure of the Soviets of workers, peasants and soldiers' deputies functioned. Supporting the basic idea of reforming the city structure, these Soviets, after the February Revolution, also organized themselves in the districts of Petrograd. There were no prejudices regarding suburban areas in this subsystem of power, and thus, among others, the Obukhov district , created on the basis of the former suburban Aleksandrovsky district , turned out to be part of the city.
Events
In May 1918, upon returning from the Ice Fleet of the Baltic Fleet to the berths of the Obukhov plant, several ships began to be repaired. Shortly afterwards, as a result of intrigues and slander on the part of Trotsky and his henchmen, a 1st-rank captain Shchastny , who organized and carried out this operation to remove the squadron from Helsingfors and prevented it from being captured by the White Finns, was put to court and executed. On June 22, Shchastny was shot. Fearing that the shooting of this commander, popular among sailors, could cause sharp rejection by the officers and sailors of the crews who carried out this grandiose operation, Trotsky ordered Sovcombalt to "take decisive measures to suppress a possible rebellion" [4] . Obukhov district was declared martial law [5] .
A detachment of sailors of 500 bayonets arrived from Kronstadt, which cordoned off the entire Obukhov district [6] [4]
In addition, the “Petropavlovsk” armored train was overtaken on the opposite bank of the Neva and deployed artillery batteries [7] . After the sent detachment disarmed the crew of the destroyer Captain Izylmetyev and arrested 3 officers and 5 sailors, the crews of the destroyers Gabriel , Izyaslav and Liberty took their ships to the fairway and anchored in front of Rybatsky [5] . However, Sovkombalt managed to persuade the crews to issue the "instigators" and return the ships to the pier. Subsequently, the arrested sailors, who saved the ships a few months ago from surrendering to the white Finns, were accused of intent to go to Lake Ladoga in order to surrender to the same Finns [4] .
Literature
- Galperina B. D., Startsev V. I. The Soviets of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies of Petrograd in the Struggle to Master the Apparatus of City Public Administration . - M. , 2009 .-- S. 62-195.
- The district councils of Petrograd in 1917. - M.-L., Science. - shooting gallery. 1100. - T. I. 1964.374 s .; T. II. 1965.331 s.
- The city of Leningrad and suburban areas // Directory of the history of the administrative-territorial division of the Leningrad region . - L. , 1966.
See also
- Nevsky District
- Shlisselburg site
Notes
- ↑ See: District Councils of Petrograd in 1917 T. 1. M.-L. 1964.S. 20, 71, 123, 179, 284, 317, 319, 358. T. 2.M.-L. 1965.P. 5, 59, 62, 81, 87, 91.V. 3.M.-L. 1966.S. 6, 179, 199, 209.
- ↑ 1 2 State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF). F. P-5677. Op. 7. Unit 89. L.78.
- ↑ Rumyantsev A. Forced accession
- ↑ 1 2 3 Alexander Chernyshev. Russian super destroyers. The legendary Noviki . - M .: Yauza, EKSMO, 2011 .-- S. 113. - 176 p.
- ↑ 1 2 Mordvinov R. M. The Aurora Course . - M .: Military. Publishing House, 1962 .-- S. 280-281.
- ↑ Marine collection. Issues 7-12. . - M .: Red Star, 1990 .-- S. 90.
- ↑ V. Yu. Chernyaev, E.I. Makarov, William G. Rosenberg. St. Petersburg workers and the dictatorship of the proletariat . - M .: Russian-Baltic Information Center "Blitz", 2000. - P. 125.