Jan Augustus Gies ( Dutch Jan Augustus Gies ; October 18, 1905 , Amsterdam , Netherlands - January 26, 1993 , Amsterdam , Netherlands ) is a member of the Dutch Resistance who, together with his wife Meep, helped hide Anna Frank , her sister Margot , their parents Otto and Edith , the van Pelsis family and Fritz Pfeffer from fascist persecution during the German occupation of the Netherlands .
| Jan August Guise | |
|---|---|
| niderl. Jan Augustus Gies | |
 Ian Guise with his wife | |
| Birth name | |
| Date of Birth | October 18, 1905 |
| Place of Birth | Amsterdam , Netherlands |
| Date of death | January 26, 1993 (87 years old) |
| Place of death | Amsterdam , Netherlands |
| Citizenship |  Netherlands |
| Occupation | |
| Spouse | Mip Guise (1941–1993) |
| Children | Paul Guise (born 1950) |
| Awards and prizes |
|
In the literary editing of the diary, Anna named Jan the pseudonym Henk van Santen ( Dutch: Henk van Santen ).
Content
Biography
Guise was born and raised in the southern part of Amsterdam [1] . He met his future wife, Austrian Mip Guise , in 1933, when he worked as an accountant in a local textile company; Mip worked there as an assistant administrator. Later they were both fired, and Jan got a job at Amsterdam's Social Services, and Meep joined Otto Frank's “Optika” company, but they continued to keep in touch. Meep and Jan got married in Amsterdam on July 16, 1941, after Meep began to threaten deportation to Vienna (she still lived by Austrian citizenship) because she had once refused to join the Union of Girls , a youth organization in the Hitler Youth [ 2] . Their wedding was attended by Otto and Anna Frank , Herman van Pels and his wife Augusta Van Pels, as well as colleagues Mip Victor Kugler , Bep Woskiel And Johannes Kleiman , Who later also helped the Frank family . Having married Jan, Meep automatically received Dutch citizenship, after which the threat of deportation disappeared.
In early 1943, Jan joined the Dutch Resistance . When the persecution of the Jewish population of Amsterdam intensified, he devoted himself to helping Jews and other persecuted national minorities : together with the Resistance fighters, he obtained food cards for them, helped find shelter and provided British newspapers free from Nazi propaganda . Since Giz was a social worker , he could freely move around the city without causing suspicion [3] .
Guise also helped to equip the “ Shelter " - the back rooms of the house on Prinsengracht embankment, where in 1942-1944 Anna Frank was hiding with his family and other Jews. For two years, Yang visited them every day during the lunch break. He shared news with them, brought food and cigarettes bought on the black market , as well as books from his friend’s personal library [4] . Once, Jan and Meep even spent the night in the "Refuge" [5] .
In addition to hiding Fritz Pfeffer and the Frank and van Pels families in the Optika building, in the spring of 1943 Mip and Jan hid a student in his house who refused to sign the Nazi oath of allegiance. [2] In August 1944, the "Shelter" was discovered, all the Jews hiding there were arrested and deported to concentration camps . However, Mip Guise managed to keep Anne Frank's diary before the shelter was ransacked by Dutch secret police [6] .
Of the eight people that Mip and Ian helped hide, only Otto Frank survived. After his return to Amsterdam in June 1945, Otto moved to the Guise family and lived with them for seven years, and then emigrated to Switzerland to be closer to his mother.
After the publication of Anne Frank's diary in 1947, and especially after its translation into English and adaptation for the big screen, Jan and Meep began to pay a lot of attention in the media . They attended memorial ceremonies and lectured on Anne Frank and the importance of confronting fascism [7] [6] . On March 8, 1972, Yad Vashem recognized Yan and Mip Giz as the righteous of the world [4] .
In 1993, at the age of 87, Ian Guise died in his home. His wife died in 2010 at the age of 100. They left their son Paul Guise (born 1950) and three grandchildren [7] .
Notes
- ↑ Jan Gies . The official website of the Anne Frank House Museum .
- ↑ 1 2 Jan Gies biography . Official site Mip Guise .
- ↑ Melissa Müller. Anne Frank: The Biography. - Henry Holt and Company, 1998 .-- P. 216. - ISBN 0805059962 .
- ↑ 1 2 "Our Helpers" in the Secret Annex: Hermine (Miep) & Jan Augustus Gies . Official site Yad Vashem .
- ↑ Anna Frank. Tuesday, October 20, 1942 // Shelter. Diary in letters. June 12, 1942 - August 1, 1944. - Text, 2015 .-- ISBN 978-5-7516-1134-7 .
- ↑ 1 2 Miep Gies, the Last of Those Who Hid Anne Frank, Dies at 100 . The New York Times (2010).
- ↑ 1 2 Jan Gies Dies at 87; Helped Anne Frank Hide in Amsterdam . The New York Times (1993).
Literature
- Anna Frank Shelter. Diary in letters. June 12, 1942 - August 1, 1944. - Text, 2015 .-- 347 p. - ISBN 978-5-7516-1134-7 .
- Melissa Müller. Anne Frank: The Biography. - Henry Holt and Company, 1998 .-- 330 p. - ISBN 0805059962 .
- Miep Gies. Anne Frank Remembered. - Simon and Schuster, 2011 .-- 256 p. - ISBN 1439127476 .