Quintus Hydrangea Gortal (praetor)

Representatives of the plebeian genus Gortensiev are mentioned in sources starting at least from the III century BC. e. Quintus Hortense's grandfather, Lucius , rose in his career at least to praetorship . Father, Quintus , became consul 69 BC e. and one of the two best speakers of the era - along with Mark Tullius Cicero ^[1] . By mother, Quintus Jr. was a grandson of Quintus Lutius Catul ^[2] and great-grandson of Quintus Servilius Cepion , consul of 140 BC. e. ^[3]

Quint's sister could be the adoptive mother of Mark Junius Brutus ^[4] .

The first mentions of the Quintus of Hortense in surviving sources date back to the end of the 50s BC. e., when he was still a very young man. Gortal led a dissolute life and because of this was in a bad relationship with his father. The latter, defending in 51 BC. e. in a court of his nephew, Mark Valery Messalu Corvin , said in his speech that in the case of a guilty verdict he would only have grandchildren. The public concluded from this that Quint Sr. intends to deprive his son of an inheritance ^[5] ; however, if such plans existed, they remained unfulfilled. At the beginning of 50 BC e. The fifth was in Asia , in the city of Laodicea. There he met with Cicero. The latter treated him badly, but out of respect for his father, he still invited Quintus to dinner and agreed to work his way from Athens to Rome ^[6] . Gortal had to return to his hometown earlier due to news of the death of his father (summer 50 BC) ^[4] .

In 49 BC e., when the conflict between Gaius Julius Caesar and Gnei Pompey the Great grew into a civil war , Quintus Hortensius sided with Caesar ^[7] . According to Plutarch , he commanded a detachment that Arimin had occupied at the very beginning of the war ^[8] , but other sources do not mention it. Before leaving for Spain in April 49 BC e. Caesar appointed Gortal as fleet commander, who was supposed to defend Italy from the Tyrrhenian Sea . When Cesarian governor Illyric Guy Anthony was surrounded by an enemy on the island of Curicta in the Adriatic , Quintus Hortensius came to his aid, but failed, and Anthony soon capitulated ^{[9] [4]} .

Despite this defeat, Gortal received praetorship from Caesar - presumably for 45 BC. e. ^[10] In 44, he ruled Macedonia with the powers of a proconsul. ^{[11] [12]} At this time, another civil war broke out between the supporters of the slain Caesar and the Republicans; at the end of the year, Quintus was required to transfer the province to representatives of both warring parties - Guy Anthony and Mark Junius Brutus, respectively. Gortal obeyed Brutus and earned praise from the Senate and Cicero (February 43 BC). His authority in Macedonia as a subordinate of Brutus was extended ^{[13] [14] [4]} .

By order of Brutus, Quintus Hortensius executed the captured Guy Anthony. This event played a tragic role in his fate: when the Republicans suffered a complete defeat at Philippi in the fall of 42 BC. e., Gortal himself was captured and was immediately killed by order of his brother Guy - Mark . Epithet Titus Livia ^[15] and Guy Velley Paterculus ^[16] only mention his death, and Plutarch says that Gortal was stabbed to death on the grave of Guy ^{[17] [18] [4]} .

Quintus Hortensius was married and had children while his father was still alive, by 51 BC. e. ^[5] One of his sons was Hortensius Corbion , whom the sources mention as an unworthy representative of a glorious family ^[19] , the other could be ^[4] Mark Gortal, who requested in 16 AD e. Emperor Tiberius for financial assistance ^[20] . However, according to an alternative hypothesis, Mark was not Quint's son, but his nephew ^[21] .

Sources

1. Valery Maxim . Memorable deeds and sayings. - SPb. , 2007. - 308 p. - ISBN 978-5-288-04267-6 .
2. Guy Valley Patculus . Roman History // Small Roman Historians. - M .: Ladomir, 1996 .-- S. 11-98. - ISBN 5-86218-125-3 .
3. Dion Cassius . Roman history (neopr.) . Date of treatment 2019-02-216.
4. Publius Cornelius Tacitus . Annals // Tacitus. Compositions. - SPb. : Nauka, 1993. - S. 7-312. - ISBN 5-02-028170-0 .
5. Titus Livy . The history of Rome from the foundation of the city. - M .: Nauka, 1994 .-- T. 3 .-- 768 p. - ISBN 5-02-008995-8 .
6. Pavel Oroziy . The story against the Gentiles. - SPb. : Publishing House of Oleg Abyshko, 2004. - ISBN 5-7435-0214-5 .
7. Plutarch . Comparative biographies. - M. , 1994. - T. 2. - ISBN 5-02-011570-3 , 5-02-011568-1.
8. Mark Tullius Cicero . About the speaker // Three treatises on oratory. - M .: Ladomir, 1994. - S. 75—272. - ISBN 5-86218-097-4 .
9. Mark Tullius Cicero . Letters from Mark Tullius Cicero to Attica, relatives, brother Quintus, M. Brutus. - SPb. : Nauka, 2010 .-- V. 3 .-- 832 p. - ISBN 978-5-02-025247-9 , 978-5-02-025244-8.
10. Mark Tullius Cicero. Speech (neopr.) . Date of treatment February 16, 2019.

Literature

1. Briscoe J. The Grandson of Hortensius // Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. - 1993 .-- T. 95 . - S. 249-250 .
2. Broughton R. Magistrates of the Roman Republic. - New York, 1952. - Vol. II. - P. 558.
3. Münzer F. Hortensius // Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft . - 1913. - Bd. VIII, 2. - Kol. 2465.
4. Münzer F. Hortensius 8 // Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft . - 1913. - Bd. VIII, 2. - Kol. 2468-2469.
5. Münzer F. Lutatius 7 // Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft . - 1942. - Bd. XIII, 2. - Kol. 2072-2082.