Pamplona Cathedral

The place of construction of the cathedral is the oldest part of Roman Pamplona . During archaeological excavations in 1994, streets and buildings of the 1st century BC were discovered . e . The first documented mention of the church in Pamplona dates back to 589 (the bishops of Pamplona attended the third Toledo Cathedral ). The very first Pamplona Cathedral was destroyed in 924 during the invasion of the Cordobian Emir Abd ar-Rahman III . During the reign of Sancho III (1004-1035), the temple was reconstructed. This temple was destroyed from 1083 to 1097, the construction of a new Romanesque cathedral and monastery was begun by the Bishop of Pamplona in 1100 and lasted several years (the cathedral was consecrated on April 12, 1127 by Bishop in the presence of King Alfonso the Warrior ^[1] ) ^[2] .

In 1276, during the cathedral was looted and the monastery was destroyed ^[3] , from 1280 to 1355 the monastery building and cathedral rooms were rebuilt in the Gothic style ( during his the bishopric contributed to the expansion of the old canon dormitory, the refectory and the construction of the chapel in which his tomb is currently located and which is named after him ^[4] ). On July 1, 1390, the cathedral collapsed in the choir , the facade and the area near the altar remained intact ^[5] . The construction of the current cathedral in the Gothic style began on May 27, 1394 ^[5] and continued until 1501. The cathedral had a cruciform shape with outpatient clinics , a central nave and four short passages with baptized vaults , which was typical of French Gothic architecture ^[6] .

In 1782, reconstruction of the facade of the cathedral, damaged after the explosion of a powder mill in 1733, was begun ^[7] . The facade design in the style of , presented by architect , was approved on February 5, 1783. Remodeling was carried out by the royal architect ^[8] , the work was completed in 1804 ^{[9] [10]} . This facade served as a model for decorating the facade of the Cathedral of San Cristobal de la Laguna on the island of Tenerife , ( Canary Islands , Spain ) in 1820 ^[11] .

In 1960, the diocesan museum was opened in the cathedral building. In the period from 1992 to 1994, restoration and archaeological excavations were carried out on the territory of the cathedral ^[12] . In subsequent studies, the third Romanesque palace in Navarre was discovered, masked by other structures of the cathedral complex. The 12th-century bishop's palace was allegedly donated to canons by Bishop for use as a hostel in 1273. The development of a project for the restoration and restoration of the palace began on April 30, 2003 ^[13] .

The interior of the modern Pamplona Cathedral includes the tomb of King Charles III with his wife, made by the Spanish-Flemish sculptor in 1419, and a Romanesque sculpture of the Virgin Mary carved from wood. The choir with sculptures in the Renaissance style (created in 1541) is separated from the nave by the Gothic iron grid of 1517. In the presbytery ( chapel of St. Michael), a retablo in the Renaissance style of 1598 has been preserved. The side chapels are made in the Gothic (two, 1500 and 1507 years), Italian Renaissance (XVI century), Late Renaissance (1610) and Baroque (five: 1642, 1683 and 1685 years).

The cloister of the XIII century , like the temple, is made in the style of French Gothic architecture and has rich sculptural decorations. The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary is depicted on the door to the cathedral, and a sculpture of the Virgin Mary of the 15th century is installed in biforia .

There are eleven bronze bells in the two towers of the cathedral, the oldest of which is “Gabriela” ( La Gabriela ) ^{[K 1]} was cast in 1519. Eight bells located in the south ^{[K 2]} tower are used in the liturgy of the clock . In the north ^{[K 2]} tower, there are three bells, including the largest active bell in Spain, “Maria” ( La Maria ) ^{[K 3] [14]} .

Among the tombs located in the cathedral, the burial places of Bishop Pamplona 14th century, Viceroy of Navarre Count de Gage (in the Baroque style, the 18th century) and Guerillas Francisco Mina ( , the 19th century) are notable. According to legend, the lattice covering the entrance to the restroom was brought from the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa . The door to the refectory and the kitchen is also made in the Gothic style.

In the former rooms of the canons , the diocesan museum is located, where religious art from the cathedral and other temples of Navarra are exhibited: Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque sculpture, Gothic and Baroque painting and jewelry of the XIII-XVIII centuries. Of these exhibits, the most valuable are the silver Gothic relic of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher , made in the 13th century in Paris , the relic of the Life-Giving Cross of the 14th century and the monstrance of the Renaissance of the 16th century.

• Pamplona Cathedral
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  South tower

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  main entrance

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  Western cloister

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  Virgin of Santa Maria la Real de Pamplona on the day of the Assumption (August 15)

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  Tomb of Charles III and Eleanor of Castile

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  Tomb of Bishop

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  Tomb of Bishop

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  Reliquary of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher

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  Reliquary of the Holy Cross

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  Bell "Mary"

• Buried in Pamplona Cathedral

• La catedral de Pamplona / ed. C. Jusué. - Pamplona: Caja de Ahorros de Navarra, 1994 .-- Vol. I. - ISBN 8487120229 .
• La catedral de Pamplona / ed. C. Jusué. - Pamplona: Caja de Ahorros de Navarra, 1994 .-- Vol. II. - ISBN 8487120237 .
• Arraiza J. Catedral de Pamplona: la otra historia. - Pamplona: Ediciones y Libros, 1994 .-- ISBN 0003740520 .
• Aguadé CF-L. El claustro y dependencias canonicales de la catedral de Pamplona // El arte gótico en Navarra / ed. CF-L. Aguadé. - Pamplona: Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Cultura, Deporte y Juventud, Dirección General de Cultura-Institución Príncipe de Viana, 2015 .-- P. 157—249. - 669 p. - ISBN 9788423534005 .
• Aguirre JM Arte y monarquia en Navarra 1328-1425. - Pamplona: Institución Principe de Viana del Departamento de Educación y Cultura del Gobierno de Navarra, 1987 .-- 432 p. - ISBN 9788423507948 .
• Arteta A. La fecha de la construcción del claustro románico de la Catedral de Pamplona (Spanish) // Príncipe de Viana: Revista. - 1950. - Vol. 11, n ^o 77-83 . - P. 47-64. - ISSN 0032-8472 .
• Doussinague JM La Guerra de la Navarrería (Spanish) // Príncipe de Viana: Revista. - 1945. - Vol. 6, n ^o 19 . - P. 209-282. - ISSN 0032-8472 .
• Gaztambide JG La fachada neoclásica de la catedral de Pamplona (Spanish) // Príncipe de Viana: Revista. - 1970. - Vol. 31, n ^o 118-119 . - P. 5-64. - ISSN 0032-8472 .
• Sarrías M., Mezquíriz M. Excavaciones arqueológicas en la catedral de Pamplona (Spanish) // Trabajos de arqueología Navarra: Revista. - 1994. - N ^o 11 . - P. 310-311. - ISSN 0211-5174 .

• Official site of the Cathedral of Pamplona (Spanish) . Catedral de Pamplona. Date of treatment August 15, 2018.
• Un Palacio "disfrazado" en la Catedral (Pamplona) (Spanish) . Arqueología medieval (29 de agosto de 2009). Date of treatment August 15, 2018.
• Sagüés Lacasa M. Catedral, los 40 de la María (Spanish) . Noticas de Navarra (5 de febrero de 2017). Date of treatment August 15, 2018.