Paul Gratzik ( him. Paul Gratzik ; November 30, 1935 , , East Prussia [2] - June 18, 2018 , Eberswalde ) [3] - German writer.
Paul Gratzik | |
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Date of Birth | |
Place of Birth | , , , adm. District Allenstein , East Prussia , Third Reich [2] |
Date of death | |
Place of death | |
Citizenship | Germany GDR Germany |
Occupation | prose writer |
Years of creativity | 1965—2015 |
Direction | prose |
Genre | story, novel, play, drama |
Language of Works | |
Awards | Heinrich Mann Prize ( 1980 ) |
Content
Biography
He was born in a large family (6 children) of a peasant family who died on the eastern front in 1941. He studied in elementary school; before the end of the Second World War, he fled with his mother, brothers and sisters from East Prussia to Mecklenburg [3] [4] [5] .
In 1952-1954 he studied at the carpenter [3] [6] , in 1954-1955 he attended the . During this period, he was acquainted with Tamara Bunka , who later became a revolutionary ( Tanya-partisan ) of the Bolivian detachment Che Guevara [4] . In 1955 he moved to western Germany , where he worked as a builder in the Ruhr area [3] .
In 1956 he returned to the GDR , worked as a coal miner at ( Brandenburg ) [3] .
After the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, the Ministry of State Security of the GDR drew attention to it, and on May 2, 1962, it became a Ministry, codenamed “Peter” [3] .
In 1962 he was a functionary of the SSNM district committee in Weimar , led the sector in the youth club " Walter Ulbricht " [3] . In 1962–1968, he studied at a in Weimar [3] , then until 1971 worked as a tutor in youth workshops ( VEB , Dresden ), where he found material for his later plays. In 1967 he was seconded to Leipzig to study at the Johannes Becher , but in 1968, for political and ideological reasons, he returned, showing sympathy for the Prague Spring [3] [4] .
He was in the circle of Anna Seghers , among his friends were Jorge Amado , Ilya Ehrenburg , Halldor Laxness , [4] .
Since 1971, he was a freelance writer, a member [5] , in 1974 he worked part-time at an industrial enterprise in Dresden. Since 1975 [7] , the author of the contract in the Berlin Ensemble ; since 1977 he lived in Berlin [3] .
Since 1981, having refused to cooperate with the Ministry of State Security of the GDR [3] , he lived in Ukkermark . Having revealed his activity as a secret informer, he lost many friends [4] . In 1984-1989, he was under the Stasi [3] .
In 2018, he suffered a stroke with speech loss, a few weeks later he died in Eberswalde hospital [4] .
Family
He was married twice; two daughters (born in 1959, born in 1970) [4] [8] .
Creativity
Paul Gratzik was the author of short stories, novels and plays. Among the writers of the GDR, he was considered a rude outsider, since he voluntarily returned to "production" and described the everyday life of industrial workers in the GDR in a very peculiar language, influenced by expressionism . He did not even avoid the topic of youthful workshops known to him in the GDR, which caused him difficulties with state censorship [3] .
Staying aloof from state propaganda , Gratzik described in detail labor relations in “ real socialism ”, without hiding their contradictions and absurd situations. For example, in the play "Handwork"shows the incompatibility of political and economic goals with obsolete machines that do not allow to achieve these goals. Although in the first play (“Okolny path” ) Gratzik still resolved the contradictions between the concepts of education and returned the recalcitrant heroes to the team, in the “Handwork” he interrupted the harmonious settlement of the conflict [6] .
In the novel “Ryas”, the author aims to “destroy the legend of a workers 'and peasants' state by describing the real mechanisms of power” [6] .
Selected Works
- 1965 - Unruhige Tage / Troubled days: a play in 6 scenes. - , Leipzig, 1966.
- 1968 - Malwa / Malva: a play in 6 scenes based on the same story by Maxim Gorky . - Frankfurt / M: ed. author, 1978.
- 1969 - Warten auf Maria / Waiting for Mary: play.
- 1970 - Umwege / Okolny Way: Pictures from the life of a young mechanic-mechanic Michael Runna: a play. - Berlin: Henschelverlag, 1970.
- 1971 - Der Kniebist: play. Premiere - Hans-Otto-Theater , Potsdam, 1971.
- 1975 - Märchen von einem, der auszog das Fürchten zu lernen / The tale of how to learn to cast out fear: a play.
- 1976 - Lisa / Lisa: two scenes: a play. - Frankfurt / M: ed. author, 1979.
- 1976 - Handbetrieb / Handmade: play.
- 1977 - Transportpaule. Monolog: a novel. - Rostock: Hinstorff, 1977 / Berlin: Rotbuch, 1977.
- 1980 - Tschekisten / Chekists: the play.
- 1982 - Kohlenkutte / Ryasa: a novel. - Zap. Berlin: Rotbuch, 1982 / Sprout: Hinstorff, 1989.
- 1984 - Die Axt im Haus / Ax in the house: a play.
- 1988 - Gabis Ort / Place Gabi: a novel (unpublished).
- 1994 - Hans Wurst in Mogadischu / Hans Wurst in Mogadishu: play.
- 1996 - Tripolis / Tripoli: the story. Filmed - “Landleben” [dir. Martin Otting ( Martin Otting ) [4] .
- 1997 - Litauische Claviere / Lithuanian clavier: play according to Bobrovsky . The premiere is Theater 89 , 1997 [3] .
- 1999 - Der abenteuerliche Simplicissimus / Simplicissimus : Grimmelshausen play. Premiere - Theater 89, 1999
- 2010 - Der Führergeburtstag / Fuhrer's Birthday: Drama.
- 2015 - Johannistrieb: Erotic Story, with drawings by Emma Queen. - Berlin: Eulenspiegel, 2015. - ISBN 978-3-359-02458-3 .
Rewards and recognition
Heinrich Mann Prize (1980) [6] .
In art
The documentary film “Vaterlandsverräter” (directed by ) about Paula Gratzik was presented at the Berlinale in 2011 [4] [9] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 filmportal.de - 2005.
- ↑ 1 2 Nowadays - , Solepst , Milkyna commune , Gizyk county , Warmia and Mazury , Poland .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Barth B.-R., 2010 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Hendel A., 2018 .
- ↑ 1 2 Joel F.
- 2 1 2 3 4 Metzler Lexikon, 2009 .
- ↑ According to other sources, since 1977 ( Metzler Lexikon, 2009 ).
- ↑ . Der deutsche Dichter Paul Gratzik ist tot (German) . itworksmedien.de (18. Juni 2018). The appeal date is August 15, 2018.
- ↑ Vaterlandsverräter (German) . Berlinale (2011). The appeal date is August 15, 2018.
Links
- Joel F. Dokumentation eines Verrats (German) . Zeit Online (4. Oktober 2011). The appeal date is August 15, 2018.
Literature
- Gratzik, Paul // Wer war wer in der DDR ?. - 5. Ausg. - Berlin, 2010. - Bd. 1. - ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .
- Ein Traum von Sozialismus: Der Schriftsteller Paul Gratzik ist verstorben (him) // Berliner Zeitung. - 2018. - 19 Junis.
- Kanning J. , Esau M. Gratzik, Paul : [ him. ] // Metzler Lexikon DDR-Literatur: Autoren - Institutionen - Debatten: [ him. ] / Hrsg. von , M. Hofmann . - Stuttgart; Weimar: J. B. Metzler, 2009. - S. 109-110. - ISBN 978-3-476-02238-7 . - DOI : 10.1007-978-3-476-05222-3 .