Small-leaved Dremlik ( Latin Epipáctis microphýlla ) - herbaceous plant of the genus Dremlik Orchid family (Orchidaceae).
Small-leaf dremlyk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
The middle part of the inflorescence | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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International Scientific Name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Epipactis microphylla ( Ehrh. ) Sw. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Title
The Russian name the genus Dremlik received because of the drooping, as if "dormant" flowers [2] . The specific epithet is associated with a small size of leaves.
Botanical description
Morphology
Perennial plant with a short rhizome and long perennial roots that live up to 8-9 years [3] .
Stem 17-40 (up to 55) cm tall, finely pubescent at the top.
The leaves are small, 3-5 in number (up to 8), 1.5-2.5 cm long and up to 9 mm wide, from ovate to lanceolate, very finely pubescent along the edge.
Inflorescence - loose one-sided brush of 3-15 (up to 30) flowers, with a densely pubescent axis. The flowers are greenish, with a faint aroma of cloves. The outer circle of the perianth ( sepal ) 7 mm long, elongated oval, finely pubescent outside, greenish-reddish. Internal lateral leaflets ( petals ) - 5-6 mm long whitish-green, pointed. The lip of the transverse notch is divided into two parts; its posterior part (hypochilia) is greenish-brown in color, rounded, about 3 mm in diameter; anterior lobe (epichilia) from whitish-green to pinkish-green, about 4 mm in diameter, heart-shaped, with wrinkled tubercles fused together in the shape of a heart. The priligale is developed, but does not function (not sticky).
Ovary and pedicel densely pubescent.
The fruit is a box .
Diploid set of chromosomes 2n = 40.
Reproduction and ontogenesis
It blooms in June and July; fruits in July — August.
Small-leaved Dremlik breeds by seed. Vegetative reproduction for this species is not described. The number of seeds in one box on average is 1500 [4] .
The seed germinates after infection with a fungus, and on the 6th-7th year, the first ground leafy sprout develops, which can already bear inflorescence [5] .
Consulting links
In general, the plant is predominantly allogamic , but self-pollination is also observed [4] .
The species is strongly myctorophene, an intense mycorrhiza-formation with Durong white truffle (Tuber excavatum) is noted [6] .
Distribution and habitat
Euro-Asia Minor view with a torn range. It is found in Scandinavia , Central , Atlantic and Southern Europe, the Mediterranean , Western Asia (northern Iran, northern Syria). In Eastern Europe, grows in the Carpathians . The species is also described in Azerbaijan . In Russia, it occurs in the Crimean Mountains , in the North Caucasus ( Krasnodar Territory between Anapa and Dzhubga ), also previously indicated for Dagestan . [7]
Shade-tolerant species resistant to the summer-autumn drought. Prefers a humus-rich, low-nitrogen soil with a neutral and alkaline reaction. It grows in mountainous shady oak, hornbeam, and ash forests in places with poorly developed grass cover [5] . The species grows individually or in several individuals. The density of cenopopulations is extremely low.
Security Status
In Russia, the species is represented by small populations within a narrow range. Needs security. [5] Anthropogenic limiting factors: area fragmentation , destruction of growing areas, deforestation, recreation, fires.
The species is listed in Appendix II of the CITES International Convention. Included in the Red Books of the Krasnodar Territory (2017) - status 2 of the IS [8] , endangered species; Republic of Crimea (2015) - status 3, rare species; the city of Sevastopol (2016), the Republic of South Ossetia (2017), Azerbaijan - category VU D2; Of Ukraine [9] .
It is protected on the territory of the state natural reserve "Utrish", in the Caucasus State Biosphere Reserve and the Sochi National Park ; in the Crimea, it is protected in the Yalta mountain-forest , the Crimea and Karadag nature reserves, in the nature reserve “ Cape Martyan ” and other specially protected natural territories [10] .
Classification
Intraspecific hybrids with dozes dark red and broadleaf are described [11] .
Taxonomic scheme
13 more families (according to the APG IV System ) | another 90-100 births | |||||||||||||||
order Sparse flowers | Subfamily Epidendric | Dremlik fine-leaved species | ||||||||||||||
department Flowering, or Angiosperms | Orchid family | genus Dremlik | ||||||||||||||
63 more flowering plants (according to the APG IV System ) | 4 more subfamilies: Apostasia , Cypriadia , Vanilla and Orchid | about 60-80 species (in the territory of the Russian Federation 12 species) | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms
According to the information of The Plant List database (2013), the synonyms of the species include the following names [12]
- Amesia microphylla ( Ehrh. ) A.Nelson & JFMacbr.
- Epipactis athensis Lej.
- Epipactis atrorubens Rostk. ex spreng. , nom. illeg.
- Epipactis helleborine var. microphylla ( Ehrh. ) Rchb.f.
- Epipactis intermedia Schur
- Epipactis latifolia var. microphylla ( Ehrh. ) DC.
- Epipactis latifolia subsp. microphylla ( Ehrh. ) Bonnier & Layens
- Epipactis latifolia subsp. parvifolia ( Pers. ) K.Richt.
- Epipactis microphylla var. canescens irmisch
- Epipactis microphylla f. canescens ( Irmisch ) EGCamus
- Epipactis microphylla var. firmior schur
- Epipactis microphylla var. glabrescens velen.
- Epipactis microphylla var. intermedia Schur
- Epipactis microphylla subsp. intermedia ( Schur ) K.Richt.
- Epipactis microphylla var. nuda irmisch
- Helleborine microphylla ( Ehrh. ) Schinz & Thell.
- Helleborine microphylla var. canescens
- Helleborine microphylla f. firmior ( Schur ) Soó
- Helleborine microphylla f. nuda ( irmisch ) soó
- Helleborine microphylla var. nuda ( irmisch ) graber
- Limodorum microphyllum ( Ehrh. ) Kuntze
- Serapias athensis ( Lej. ) Hocq. , nom. illeg.
- Serapias latifolia var. microphylla ( Ehrh. ) Pers
- Serapias latifolia var. parvifolia Pers.
- Serapias microphylla Ehrh.
Notes
- ↑ On the conditionality of specifying the class of monocotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the “APG Systems” section of the article “Monocotyledons” .
- К. Kiseleva K. V., Mayorov S. R., Novikov V. S. Flora of Central Russia: The Atlas-determinant. - M .: Fiton +, 2010. - P. 372. - 544 p. - ISBN 978-5-93458-307-3 .
- ↑ Fuchs A. Ziegenspeck H. Bau und Form der Wurzeln der einheimischen Orchideen in Hinblick auf ihre Aufgaben (German) // Botanisches Archiv. - 1925. - Bd. 12. - S. 290-379.
- ↑ 1 2 Nazarov V.V. Reproductive biology of orchids in Crimea. - Author. diss. candidate biol sciences. St. Petersburg: Bot. inst. RAS. - St. Petersburg: Ros. AN Botanich. Inst them. V.L. Komarova, 1995. - 26 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Vakhrameev, 2014 .
- ↑ Selosse M.-A., Faccio A., Scappaticci G., Bonfante P. Chlorophyllous Microphylla (Neottieae, Orchidaceae) Are Associated with Ectomycorrhizal Septomycetes, including Truffles (English) // Microbial Ecology. - 2004. - April ( vol. 47 , iss. 4 ). - ISSN 1432-184X 0095-3628, 1432-184X . - DOI : 10.1007 / s00248-003-2034-3 .
- ↑ Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science . Plants of the World Online. The appeal date is August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Red Book of Krasnodar Region. - 2017.
- ↑ Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw. (Serapias microphylla Ehrh.) - Chervona, Book of Ukraine . redbook-ua.org. The appeal date is August 12, 2018.
- ↑ The Red Book of the Republic of Crimea. Plants, algae and fungi / Otv. ed. db n., prof. A.V. Yen and K. b. n A.V. Vateryga. - Simferopol: ITARIAAL LLC, 2015. - p. 129. - 480 p.
- ↑ Fuller F. Epipactis und Cephalanthera // Orchideen Mitteleuropas. - Wittenberg Lutherstadt: Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei, 1986. - 92 S.
- ↑ see taxon card on TPL
Literature
- Vakhrameeva M. G., Varlygina T. I., Tatarenko I. V. Orkhidnye Russia (biology, ecology and protection) . - M .: Fellowship of scientific publications KMK, 2014. - 475 p. - ISBN 978-5-87317-997-8 .
Links
- Small-leaved Dremlik : information about a taxon in the Plantarium project (a determinant of plants and an illustrated atlas of species).