Small-leaf dremlyk

The Russian name the genus Dremlik received because of the drooping, as if "dormant" flowers ^[2] . The specific epithet is associated with a small size of leaves.

Morphology

Perennial plant with a short rhizome and long perennial roots that live up to 8-9 years ^[3] .

Stem 17-40 (up to 55) cm tall, finely pubescent at the top.

The leaves are small, 3-5 in number (up to 8), 1.5-2.5 cm long and up to 9 mm wide, from ovate to lanceolate, very finely pubescent along the edge.

Inflorescence - loose one-sided brush of 3-15 (up to 30) flowers, with a densely pubescent axis. The flowers are greenish, with a faint aroma of cloves. The outer circle of the perianth ( sepal ) 7 mm long, elongated oval, finely pubescent outside, greenish-reddish. Internal lateral leaflets ( petals ) - 5-6 mm long whitish-green, pointed. The lip of the transverse notch is divided into two parts; its posterior part (hypochilia) is greenish-brown in color, rounded, about 3 mm in diameter; anterior lobe (epichilia) from whitish-green to pinkish-green, about 4 mm in diameter, heart-shaped, with wrinkled tubercles fused together in the shape of a heart. The priligale is developed, but does not function (not sticky).

Ovary and pedicel densely pubescent.

The fruit is a box .

Diploid set of chromosomes 2n = 40.

Reproduction and ontogenesis

It blooms in June and July; fruits in July — August.

Small-leaved Dremlik breeds by seed. Vegetative reproduction for this species is not described. The number of seeds in one box on average is 1500 ^[4] .

The seed germinates after infection with a fungus, and on the 6th-7th year, the first ground leafy sprout develops, which can already bear inflorescence ^[5] .

Consulting links

In general, the plant is predominantly allogamic , but self-pollination is also observed ^[4] .

The species is strongly myctorophene, an intense mycorrhiza-formation with Durong white truffle (Tuber excavatum) is noted ^[6] .

Euro-Asia Minor view with a torn range. It is found in Scandinavia , Central , Atlantic and Southern Europe, the Mediterranean , Western Asia (northern Iran, northern Syria). In Eastern Europe, grows in the Carpathians . The species is also described in Azerbaijan . In Russia, it occurs in the Crimean Mountains , in the North Caucasus ( Krasnodar Territory between Anapa and Dzhubga ), also previously indicated for Dagestan . ^[7]

Shade-tolerant species resistant to the summer-autumn drought. Prefers a humus-rich, low-nitrogen soil with a neutral and alkaline reaction. It grows in mountainous shady oak, hornbeam, and ash forests in places with poorly developed grass cover ^[5] . The species grows individually or in several individuals. The density of cenopopulations is extremely low.

Security Status

In Russia, the species is represented by small populations within a narrow range. Needs security. ^[5] Anthropogenic limiting factors: area fragmentation , destruction of growing areas, deforestation, recreation, fires.

The species is listed in Appendix II of the CITES International Convention. Included in the Red Books of the Krasnodar Territory (2017) - status 2 of the IS ^[8] , endangered species; Republic of Crimea (2015) - status 3, rare species; the city of Sevastopol (2016), the Republic of South Ossetia (2017), Azerbaijan - category VU D2; Of Ukraine ^[9] .

It is protected on the territory of the state natural reserve "Utrish", in the Caucasus State Biosphere Reserve and the Sochi National Park ; in the Crimea, it is protected in the Yalta mountain-forest , the Crimea and Karadag nature reserves, in the nature reserve “ Cape Martyan ” and other specially protected natural territories ^[10] .

Intraspecific hybrids with dozes dark red and broadleaf are described ^[11] .

Taxonomic scheme

Synonyms

According to the information of The Plant List database (2013), the synonyms of the species include the following names ^[12]

• Vakhrameeva M. G., Varlygina T. I., Tatarenko I. V. Orkhidnye Russia (biology, ecology and protection) . - M .: Fellowship of scientific publications KMK, 2014. - 475 p. - ISBN 978-5-87317-997-8 .

• Small-leaved Dremlik : information about a taxon in the Plantarium project (a determinant of plants and an illustrated atlas of species).