Shanina, Maria Alexandrovna

Early life

Maria Alexandrovna was born in 1864 in the family of Omsk merchant Alexander Egorovich Nakladov and his wife Ekaterina Egorovna . She attended a parish school and from childhood she helped her father in a shop on Mokrinsky forstadt , the historic district of the city. In 1881, at the age of 16, she married a hereditary honorary citizen of the city ​​of Vyazniki, Vladimir province , the merchant of the 1st guild of 29-year-old Mikhail Nikanorovich Shanin , taking his last name. Maria gave birth to eight daughters, but buried five of them ^[2] .

Entrepreneurship

Over time, the Shanina couple decided to expand their trade and build a large store that would be equipped according to the modern model. Mary’s dowry was a plot of land in Mokrinsky forstadt, where her father’s shop stood. After acquiring a plot in the neighborhood in 1896 in 1897, the building was laid down, but on the same year, November 30, after a banquet on the occasion of his re-election as chairman of the Society for Assistance to the clerks, Mikhail Shanin died of a heart attack ^[3] .

Once a widow, Maria Alexandrovna independently completed the store. The scale of this trading house at that time was grandiose. The first floor and one upper hall were occupied by trading floors: manufactory, haberdashery, finished dresses and shoes. Shanina’s apartment was also located on the second floor. In addition to the main entrance, on the corner of the building there was also an entrance from the second floor, from the mountain, on which back in 1887, at the expense of the merchant of Kurgan, a chapel was built in the name of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God and St. Rev. Sergius of Radonezh. The store building, which opened on September 12, 1900, became an adornment of Lubinsky Prospekt (now Lenin Street) ^[2] .

Not far from the store, on the corner of Yatskinskaya and Podgornaya streets (now Budarina and K. Liebknecht ), Maria Alexandrovna built a tailor workshop, where Omsk residents could order clothes at an affordable price. In addition, Shanina invested in real estate: she owned a chain of stores in Omsk , Pavlodar , Semipalatinsk , Voronezh , she owned eight houses and two stables in Kazachy and Mokrinsky forstadts, a cottage with three houses in the Old Zagorodnaya Roscha , a small house in Chukreevka , a summer cottage in Crimea and apartment buildings in Moscow ^[3] .

In 1902, the first private power station in Omsk was launched at the Trading House to illuminate an apartment, a store, and the surrounding area ^[4] .

Charity

Maria Shanina was involved in many Omsk scientific and charitable societies. She repeatedly allocated significant sums for the public needs of the city. Since the late 1890s, Shanina has been a member of the Omsk city charity. In 1887, she donated to victims of the earthquake in the city of Vernoye , in 1901 handed over three fabric cuts to the Omsk refuge for poor children, in 1903 contributed to the organization of a charity evening of the society, in 1904 she was a candidate member of his board ^[2] . In March 1903, a committee of the company petitioned the Akmola military governor to reward Shanina with a medal "for her ongoing assistance to the Charity Society through donations of things and money." The tsarist government in 1905 awarded Maria Alexandrovna a small gold medal on the Stanislavsky ribbon ^[3] .

Shanina contributed 150 rubles - a rather significant sum for those times - to the fund of the First West Siberian Forest and Trade and Industrial Exhibition, held in the summer of 1911 in Omsk. On March 16, 1912, she transferred money and manufactory to the Omsk department of the Moscow Society of Agriculture in favor of the starving population of the Akmola region .

Shanina donated funds for the development of education and enlightenment: for the creation of a national university and a commercial school, for the repair of the building of the West Siberian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society , and provided assistance to gymnasium students, students, orphans and newlyweds. In 1916, for the celebration of the 200th anniversary of Omsk, she made the largest contribution - 25 thousand rubles - to create a People’s University in the city, while the City Government contributed only 10 thousand to its construction. In the care of Maria Shanina there were eleven orphanages and schools ^[2] .

Last years of life

In 1920, the famous department store on Lubinsky Prospekt was nationalized , and deposits in banks and property were confiscated. In the same year, at the age of 56, Maria Alexandrovna died in Moscow . There was a version that she was shot by the Bolsheviks who came to power, but according to the testimony of her great-granddaughter Shanina, typhoid became the cause of death ^[2] .