Zemlyanoy Val (street)

From the defensive earthen rampart , built in 1592 - 1593 under Boris Godunov .

After the Time of Troubles, both sides of the earthen rampart were populated by settlements . On the inside there were settlements - Kazennaya (in Kazenny lanes), Sadovaya ( Vorontsovo Pole street ), Foreign Staropanskaya, that is, Polish (north of Yauza), Streletskaya (beyond Yauza) and Teterinskaya (in the alley of the same name). From the outside - the stables Syromyatnaya ( Upper Syromyatnicheskaya street ), Foreign Greek (behind Yauza) and Alekseevskaya black (former Alekseevskaya, now Alexander Solzhenitsyn Street ). Treasury, Sadovaya and Syromyatnaya settlements served directly the royal court, the Teterinsky settlement was subordinate to the Stone Order.

After the capital was transferred to Petersburg, the lands of artisans passed into the possession of the merchants first, and then the nobility; Affected neighborhood with a prosperous German settlement . Between her and the Earthen rampart appeared palaces Rumyantsev , Demidov , Scherbatov . During the 18th century, the earthen rampart itself dilapidated and was built up - including taverns belonging to the same Demidovs and Shcherbatovs.

In 1812 , most of the buildings in the vicinity of the earthen rampart and on the rampart itself burned out. According to the reconstruction plan of 1816, a spacious street with sidewalks and kindergartens along the houses was laid on the site of the rampart in the 1820s . However, there were few gardens north of Yauza, and between Yauza and Taganka the street narrowed so that there was no place left for them. At the end of the 19th century, single multi-story apartment buildings were built in the Taganskaya area, but in general the street remained two-story.

The general plan of 1935 prescribed a large-scale reconstruction of the Garden Ring, including the tunnel under the Taganka and the construction of a new Kursk station, but before the war , only a few "Stalinist" buildings were built north of Yauza. After the war, large-scale plans for the reconstruction of the squares were not realized, only north of Yauza the construction of front houses continued along the red line of the ring. The Tagansky tunnel and the Ulyanovsk overpass were built only in the 1960s. The modern Zemlyanoy Val, like the entire Garden Ring, remains a mixture of buildings from different eras - from two-story houses of the first half of the 19th century to typical panel houses of the 1970s.

Odd side

• No. 1/4 - residential building of engineering and technical workers (1934, architect A. A. Kesler). The construction of the house marked the new red lines of the intersection with Old Basmannaya Street - they planned to demolish the entire right side of Old Basmannaya in accordance with the General Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow , and build new houses in line with the angular facade of residential building No. 1/4 ^{[2] [3]} . In this house lived: in the 1930-1940s, pathologist A. I. Abrikosov ^[4] ; in 1934-1953 - theoretical physicist, Nobel laureate I. E. Tamm ^[5] ; violinist Boris Goldstein ^[6] ;
• No. 3/1 - residential building (late 1940s - 1950s, architect I. L. Marcuse) ^[7] ;
• No. 5 - apartment building (1900s, architect E.-R. K. Nirnzee );
• No. 7 - apartment building (1898-1901, architect E.-R. K. Nirnzee ) ^{[7] [8]} ;
• No. 9 - Citidel office center (2001-2007, architects V. Plotkin, I. Deeva, N. Anokhin, A. Borodushkin and others) ^[9] ;
• No. 21-23 - residential buildings of engineering and technical workers (1935-1938, architects I.Z. Vainshtein , M. Rusanova, M. Bogolepov, artist A. Mashurina). The constructed buildings were supposed to make out the intersection with the new Stalin highway, coming from Pokrovsky Boulevard , but it was not laid. Initially, balconies not provided for by the project were introduced at the proposal of L. M. Kaganovich ^{[3] [7] [10]} . In the 1930s, a heat engineering scientist Z. F. Chukhanov ^[11] and mathematician L. G. Shnirelman ^[12] lived in a residential complex; geologist-tectonist N. S. Shatsky (1938-1949) ^[13] , philosopher P. N. Fedoseev ^[14] , astronomer V. G. Fesenkov ^[15] , aircraft designer P. O. Sukhoi ^[16] , philosopher A M. Deborin ^[17] ;
• No. 25 - earlier on this place was the house of D. I. Plashchov (1911, architect G. A. Gelrich );
• No. 27, p. 1 - residential building of the Moscow-Kursk Railway Administration (1927-1929, architect B. N. Shatnev) ^{[7] [18]} ;
• No. 27, p. 3 (at the back of the block) - an 18th-century residential building (the Tolstoy-Borisovsky estate);
• No. 29 - Kursky station ;
• No. 29, p. 3 - Wagon depot of the Kursk station (1906-1909). In 2018, protection status was denied, included in the Red Book of Archnadzor (electronic catalog of Moscow's real estate cultural heritage under threat), nomination - desolation. ^[nineteen]
• No. 35, p. 1 (on the territory of the Atrium shopping center) - an 18th-century residential building - the estate of the Toropetsk merchant P.K. Botkin . Here was born his son, doctor S. P. Botkin ;
• No. 39, p. 1 - residential building (1939-1953, architects I.N. Kastel , T. G. Zaikin ^[7] );
• No. 39, p. 2 - an 18th century residential building, includes chambers built in the 1680s that belonged to the boyar I. P. Matyushkin ^[7] . The house acquired its current form in the 1820s .;
• No. 41 - a panel residential building built in the 1960s. Here lived coach N. S. Teplyakova ^[20] , coach and actor K. V. Gradopolov ^[21] . In the courtyard of the building, on the site of the current house No. 12 on Melnitsky Lane , stood the house where N.I. Pirogov was born. After the fire of 1812, his father rebuilt a new house in the same place;
• No. 53 - the estate and park of the Usachev-Naydenovs , 1829 - 1831 , arch. Domenico Gilardi . Probably co-authorship of A. G. Grigoriev ;
• No. 57, p. 6 - Museum and Community Center named after A. D. Sakharov ;
• No. 59, p. 2 - the central building of Globex Bank
• No. 61, p. 2   architectural monument (lost) - on the site of the modern building there was a manor outbuilding in the style of Moscow Empire in the 1st third of the 19th century; destroyed for the construction of an office building in the early 2000s;
• No. 65, p. 1 - a tenement house built in 1907 (part of the building remaining after the demolition of the main volume during the expansion of the Garden Ring in the 1950s);
• No. 73 - Moscow State University of Technology and Management .

On the even side

• No. 2/50 (Pokrovka corner) - the bell tower of the Church of St. John the Baptist in Kazenny Sloboda ( 1772 );
• No. 2 - residential building (1930s, architect A. G. Turkenidze) ^[8]
• No. 6 - a residential building (1906, architect P. P. Rozanov ) ^[7] ;
• No. 12 - a residential building (early XX century) ^[7] ;
• No. 14/16 - residential building (1934, architect A. A. Kesler) ^{[2] [7]} . During the construction, the residential building No. 14/16, together with the opposite houses No. 21-23, marked the intersection of the Garden Ring with the newly designed Stalin Highway, which they planned to break through through the buildings from Pokrovsky Boulevard ^[3] . The artist Konstantin Yuon lived in the house (in 1936-1958; memorial plaque, 1961, author E. F. Belashova) ^[22] , pilot Valery Chkalov (in block No. 102; memorial plaque, 1955, sculptor N. E. Sarkisov ) ^[23] , actor Boris Chirkov ^[24] , biologist Ivan Shmalgauzen ^[25] , pediatrician G.N. Speransky ^[26] , poet and playwright Samuel Marshak (in block 113, memorial plaque, 1966, sculptor Yu. L Chernov, architect Yu. E. Halperin) ^[27] , outstanding violinist, People's Artist of the USSR D.F. Oistrakh (in 1941-1974; memorial plaque); composer, pianist S.S. Prokofiev (in 1936-1941, a memorial plaque); Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant General S.A. Danilin (in 1938-1976; a memorial plaque); Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel General G.F. Baidukov (in 1937-1972; memorial plaque); Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant General of Aviation A.V. Belyakov (plaque); architect V. K. Oltarzhevsky ^[28] , statesman A. I. Efremov ^[29] .

In this house the artists KUKRINIKSA lived and worked (memorial plaque). Behind this house, No. 9 on Bolshoy Kazhenny lane - a neoclassical gymnasium built (1912, architect I. I. Rerberg );

• No. 30 - a residential building (2nd half of the 19th century) ^[7] ;
• No. 32 - a residential building (1933-1935, architect I.K. Sergeev) ^[7] ;
• No. 34 - apartment building (1906, architect L. V. Stezhensky );
• No. 36 (in the courtyard) - a school building (1890, architect V. A. Kossov );
• No. 38-40 / 15 - a residential building for students of the Academy of Railway Transport, (1938-1940, architects A. Kapustin, V. M. Kusakov, artist A. M. Mishurina) ^{[7] [30]} . Here lived a scientist in the field of electronics D.V. Zernov ^[31] ;
• No. 42–44 - a residential building (1953, architects L. B. Segal, N. A. Vinogradov) ^[7] , the basis of building No. 44 is a superstructure of a 5-story apartment building of 1911;
• No. 46 is a former residential building for employees of the Ministry of State Security . In 1949, its author, architect E.V. Rybitsky , received the Stalin Prize for the project, and in 1955 he was deprived of it - for architectural excesses . Houses No. 44 and No. 46 are connected by a decorative arcade, behind which the school is hiding;
• No. 48-a - a residential building (1934-1953, architects A. F. Khryakov , Z. O. Brod , N. G. Bezrukov ^{[7] [8]} );
• No. 52/16, p. 1, 2 - a residential building (1938-1947, architects S.V. Sergievsky, Gulyaev). The physicist J. A. Smorodinsky lived here ^[32] ;
• No. 54/3, p. 1-2 - apartment building (1800, 1829, 1871, 1898, 1914) ^[8]
• No. 56, p. 3 - Zharkov’s mansion (1843–1845; 1892–1893., Architect K. Duvanov) ^{[7] [8]} ;
• No. 58 - apartment building (1901, architect P.P. Kiselev );
• No. 64 - apartment building (1906, architect L. V. Stezhensky );
• No. 66/20 - the apartment building of Y. I. Klimov (1910-1913, architect E.-R. K. Nirnzee );
• No. 76-78 - Theater on the Taganka . The "old" building of the theater was rebuilt from the cinema "Volcano" (electric theater), built in 1911 by the architect G. A. Gelrich .

• On this street lived the poet Samuel Marshak (now there is a memorial plaque there) ^[33] .

The street and the house in which he lived are mentioned in his poem "Children of our yard" ( 1947 ):

... the children of our yard,
Chkalovsky house,
Did you fly away yesterday
Away from the airfield ...
In our house for a long time
Chkalov lived Valery.
He went to our courtyard
From this door.
Looking at the sky
He called his son
And walked with him to the gate
Where the car was waiting.
This door will be long
The pride of the quarter is
Our street is now
Chkalovskoy became ... ^[34]

• Bus B (along the entire length in both directions); 40 (from Zemlyanoy Val Square to Verkhnyaya Syromyatnicheskaya Street with a drawn U-turn at Nikoloyamskaya Street and in the opposite direction without a drawn U-turn); 78 (on Zemlyanoy Val Square).
• Trolleybus 53 (from Taganskaya Square to Nikoloyamskaya Street);
• Metro Station 03   Kursk / 05   Kursk / 10   Chkalovskaya .

In the feature film “Good morning!” Of 1956, the family of Professor Averin lived in house 34 on Chkalov Street.

Chkalova Street in Lianozov, Moscow

• P. V. Sytin, “From the History of Moscow Streets”, Moscow, 1948, p. 248-250

• History of the Syromyatnicheskaya settlement and streets
• The history of the MGB house on Zemlyanoy Val