Buddhas of the past

Translated to:;
Sanskrit :	sapta-tathāgata
Chinese :	七佛; qī fó
Japanese :	過去七仏; Kako shichibutsu
Korean :	칠불
	Portal Buddhism

Seven Buddhas of the past and Maitreya on the murals of Ajanta , second row from the bottom (of eight figures), from left to right. Maitreya is distinguished by the fact that he is in the crown.

In countries where the majority of the population adhere to Theravada Buddhism , for example, in Sri Lanka , Cambodia , Burma , Thailand , they celebrate 28 past Buddhas described in Buddhams . This text describes the life of Buddha Gautama and the 27 Buddhas that preceded his arrival ^[1] . According to Buddhist tradition, 1000 buddhas appear in each kalpa ^[2] .

Pagoda of Seven Days in Elista dedicated to the seven Buddhas

Seven Buddhas of the Past

Seven Buddhas of the past or Seven Buddhas of antiquity ( sapta-tathāgata ^IAST ) is a block of the Buddhist conceptual system that assumes the Dharma transmission line preceding the Shakyamuni Buddha. It is found both in the traditions of the Mahayana and Theravada .

Vipashin Vipaśyin 毘婆尸
Shikhin Śikhin 尸棄
Visvabhu Viśvabhū 毘舍婆
Krakucchanda Krakucchanda 拘樓孫
Kanakamuni Kanakamuni 拘那舎牟尼
Kashyapa Kāśyapa 迦葉
Shakyamuni釈迦牟尼

There are a number of sources that describe more or less in detail the buddhas that came into the world before Sakyamuni. This line is inextricably linked with the continuation of Shakyamuni's mentoring, so that he is the penultimate among the teachers. After him, his disciple and successor in the community of Mahakashyap or Maitreya , the Buddha of the future, is mentioned.

A widespread list of 28 Buddhas, going back to an even more distant past.

Functions of Prior Buddhas

In relation to Shakyamuni, the presence of predecessors gives his figure historical depth. Also, each buddha met with the next, and predicted the achievement of enlightenment in future lives. All predecessors, like Shakyamuni, committed 12 acts (with some replacement of the conditions for their commission).

Reliance on the transmission line, which is significant in time, created a historical perspective, making Buddhist and Jain monastery chronicles the first Indian historical sources.

7 Buddhas of the Past

#	Sanskrit name	at the pali	bodhi tree	color of the skin	clothes color
one	Vipashin	Vipassi	Patali ( Bignonia suaveolens )	the black	milky white
2	Shikhin	Sikhs	white lotus, pundarika ( Nymphaea alba )	the black	milky white
3	Viswabhu	Wessabhu	sal (shak) (Shorea robusta / Vatica robusta)	the black	milky white
four	Kraccuccanda	Kakusanda	Acacia, Siris ( Albizia lebbeck )	the black	milky white
5	Kanakamuni	Konagamana	Udumbara ( Ficus glomerata )	light gray	milky white
6	Kashyapa (-muni)	Kassapa	Nigrodha (Banyan) ( Ficus indica )	golden	dark green
7	Shakyamuni	Shakyamuni	fig tree, asvattha, assatha ( Ficus religiosa )	golden	Orange
8	Maitreya (Buddha of the future)	Mettheia	iron tree, naga ( Mesua ferrea ) or ashoka ( Saraca indica or Jonesia Ashok)	golden	orange, crown

28 Buddhas of the Past

According to Buddhist chronology, in the current kalpa, which is called Bhadrakalpa, which is translated from Sanskrit as “Good kalpa”, 1000 or 1005 buddhas should come. Shakyamuna Buddha became the fourth Tathagata of the current kalpa. The first Kalpa buddha was Krakuchchanda, in his time people lived for 60,000 years. Then followed the Buddha Kanakabuni, with him the duration of human life was 40,000 years. The third was Kashyapa Buddha, who came to the world when the human life span was reduced to 20,000 years ^[3] .


	Name	Pali Name ^[4] ^[5] ^[6]	Casta ^[5] ^[6]	Place of birth ^[5] ^[6] ^[7]	Parents ^[5] ^[6]	Bodhi Tree ^[8] ^[5] ^[6]	The Incarnation of Gautama ^[6]
one	Tanhankara	Taṇhaṅkara	Kshatriyas	Ganges Valley - Varanasi	King Sunanda and Queen Sunandaa	Allamanda Laxative
2	Medankara	Medhaṅkara		Ganges Valley - Pataliputra	Sudeva and Yashodhara	Kaela
3	Saranankara	Saraṇaṅkara		Narmada Valley - Uggani	Sumangala and Yashavati	Stereospermum chelonoides
four	Dipankara	Dīpankara	Brahmanas	Mahanadi Valley - Raipur	Sudeva and Sumedaya	Ficus Sacred	Sumeda (also Sumati or Mega Manava, rich brahmana)
5	Kondanya	Koṇḍañña	Kshatriyas	Mahaweli Valley - Mahayangana	Sunanda and Sujata	Fat tree	Vijitavi (Chakravarti in Chandavatinagar Majhimades)
6	Mangala	Maṅgala	Brahmanas ^[9]	Valave Valley - Balangoda	Uttara and Uttara	Mezuya	Suruchi (In Siribrahmano)
7	SUMANA	Sumana ^[9]	Kshatriyas ^[9]	Mahanadi - Dambadenaya	Sudassan and Sirim	Mezuya	king of the nagas Atulo
8	Revata	Revata ^[10]	Brahmanas ^[9]	Monaragala	Vipala and Vipula	Mezuya	Brahman, Vedic expert
9	Sobita	Sobhita	Kshatriyas ^[9]	Narmada Valley - Ajanta	Sudammanagara and Sudammanagara	Mezuya	Brahman Sujata (in Rammavati)
10	Anomadassi	Anomadassi	Brahmanas ^[9]	Godavari Valley - Nagpur	Yashava and Yashodara	Cucubha	King of the Yakshas
eleven	Paduma ^[11]	Paduma	Kshatriyas ^[9]	Godavari Valley - Hyderabad	Anurula and Sujata	Lagerstroemia graceful	a lion
12	Narada	Nārada		Kaveri Valley - Vellore	King Sudeva and Anopam	Lagerstroemia graceful	Tapaso in the Himalayas
13	Padumuttara ^[12]	Padumuttara	Kshatriyas	Kaveri Valley - Tirupati	Anurula and Sujata	Dipterocarpus Dipterocarpus zeylanicus	Ascetic Jatilo
fourteen	Sumeda	Sumedha	Kshatriyas	Ganges Valley - Agra	Sumeda and Sumeda	Nipa	Uttaro native
fifteen	Sujata	Sujāta		Indus Valley	Uggata and Pabbavati	Ordinary bamboo	Chakravartin
16	Piyadassi ^[13]	Piyadassi		Irrawaddy Valley - Mandalay	Sudat and Subaddha	Crateva hygrophila	Brahman of Kassap (in Sirivatthanagar)
17	Attadasi	Atthadassi	Kshatriyas	Indus Valley - Taxila	Sagara and Sudassana	Champaka Magnolia	Brahman Susino
eighteen	Dhammadassi	Dhammadassī	Kshatriyas	Ganges Valley - Patna	Suranamaha and Sunanada	bimbijāla	Leader of the Devas Indra
19	Siddhartha	Siddharttha		Brahmaputra Valley - Nagaland	Udeni and Supassa	kanihani	Brahman Brazier
twenty	Tissa	Tissa		Chittagong Highlands	Janasando and Paduma	Pterocarpus sacciform	King Sujata in Yasavatinagar
21	Pussa ^[fourteen]	Phussa	Kshatriyas	Ganges Valley - Varanasi	Jayasena and Siremaya	Phyllanthus emblem	Vijitavi
22	Vipassi	Vipassī	Kshatriyas	Indus Valley - Gondar	Vipassi and Vipassi	Stereospermum chelonoides	King Atula
23	Sikhs	Sikhī	Kshatriyas	Arunavati ^[15]	Arunavatti and Papavatti	Mangifera zeylanica	Arindamo in Sarabavitanagar
24	Wessabhu	Vessabhū	Kshatriyas	Anupamanagara	Suppalita and Yashavati	Fat tree	Sadassana in Sarabavatinagar
25	Kakusanda	Kakusandha	Brahmanas	Khemavatinagara	Brahmin Agidatta, priest of King Khema, and Visak	Albitsia	King Khema ^[16]
26	Konagaman	Koṇāgamana	Brahmanas	Subabatinagar	Brahmin Yanadatta and Uttara	Ficus racemosa	Jotypala in Wappul
27	Kassapa ^[17]	Kassapa	Brahmanas	Varanasi	Brahman Brahmadatta and Dhanavati	Ficus Bengali	Jotypala in Wappul
28	Gautama	Gautama	Kshatriyas	Lumbini	King of Shuddhodana and Maya	Ficus Sacred

Notes

↑ Morris, R. XXVII: List of the Buddhas. The Buddhavamsa. - London: Pali Text Society, 1882. - P. 66-67.
↑ Buddhism in a Nutshell - The Buddhas in the Three Periods of Time (neopr.) . www.buddhistdoor.com. Date of treatment December 3, 2017.
↑ Andrey Strelkov, Evgeni Torchinov, Marina Mongush, Sergey Ryabov. Buddhism. Canons. Story. Art. - Design. Information. Cartography, 2006 .-- S. 58. - 600 p. - ISBN 5-287-00373-0 .
↑ Malalasekera, 2007 , p. 294-305.
↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ Davids, TW R; Davids, R. The successive bodhisats in the times of the previous Buddhas. Buddhist birth-stories; Jataka tales. The commentarial introduction entitled Nidana-Katha; the story of the lineage . - London: George Routledge & Sons, 1878. - P. 115–44.
↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ Horner, IB The minor anthologies of the Pali canon. Volume III: Buddhavaṁsa (Chronicle of Buddhas) and Cariyāpiṭaka (Basket of Conduct). - London: Pali Text Society, 1975. - ISBN 0-86013-072-X .
↑ Wimal Kalubowila. I. Introduction and definition // Original or Early Buddhist & Naturalistic Civilization. - Xlibris Corporation - Religion, 2012 .-- 80 p.
↑ Malalasekera, 2007 , p. 319.
↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ Beal S. Chapter III: Exciting to religious sentiment // The romantic legend of Sâkya Buddha: from the Chinese-Sanscrit. - London: Trubner & Company, Ludgate Hill, 1875. - P. 10-17.
↑ Malalasekera, 2007 , p. 754-755.
↑ Malalasekera, 2007 , p. 131.
↑ Malalasekera, 2007 , p. 136-137.
↑ Malalasekera, 2007 , p. 207.
↑ Malalasekera, 2007 , p. 257.
↑ Horner, IB The Minor Anthologies Of The Pali Canon: Part III: Chronicle Of Buddhas (Buddhavamsa) and Basket Of Conduct (Cariyapitaka) // The twentieth chronicle: that of the Lord Sikhin. - Oxford: Pali Text Society, 1975 .-- P. 77-80. - ISBN ISBN 086013072X .
↑ George Turnour. Introduction // The First Twenty Chapters of the Mahawanso: And a Prefatory Essay on Pali Buddhistical Literature, Originally Pub. as an Introduction to the Above Mentioned Portion of the Mahawanso and to the Epitome of the History of Ceylon, and the Historical Inscriptions, Printed in the Ceylon Almanacs of 1833 and 1834. - Sri Lanka: Cotta Church Mission Press, 1836. - P. 65.
↑ Cunningham, A. XVIII: Tandwa. Report of Tours in the Gangetic Provinces from Badaon to Bihar, in 1875–76 and 1877–78 . - Calcutta, India: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, 1880. - P. 70–78.

Literature

Leiden, J.Ph. Vogel. THE PAST BUDDHAS AND KAA'SYAPA IN INDIAN ART AND EPIGRAPHY. \\ Asiatica vol. 65, 1954.
Malalasekera, GP Dictionary of Pāli proper names. - Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, 2007 .-- ISBN 978-81-208-3020-2 .

[1] Morris, R. XXVII: List of the Buddhas. The Buddhavamsa. - London: Pali Text Society, 1882. - P. 66-67.

[2] Buddhism in a Nutshell - The Buddhas in the Three Periods of Time (neopr.) . www.buddhistdoor.com. Date of treatment December 3, 2017.

[3] Andrey Strelkov, Evgeni Torchinov, Marina Mongush, Sergey Ryabov. Buddhism. Canons. Story. Art. - Design. Information. Cartography, 2006 .-- S. 58. - 600 p. - ISBN 5-287-00373-0 .

[_1bf5ba4093fdbab8-4] Malalasekera, 2007 , p. 294-305.

[:0-5] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ Davids, TW R; Davids, R. The successive bodhisats in the times of the previous Buddhas. Buddhist birth-stories; Jataka tales. The commentarial introduction entitled Nidana-Katha; the story of the lineage . - London: George Routledge & Sons, 1878. - P. 115–44.

[:1-6] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ Horner, IB The minor anthologies of the Pali canon. Volume III: Buddhavaṁsa (Chronicle of Buddhas) and Cariyāpiṭaka (Basket of Conduct). - London: Pali Text Society, 1975. - ISBN 0-86013-072-X .

[7] Wimal Kalubowila. I. Introduction and definition // Original or Early Buddhist & Naturalistic Civilization. - Xlibris Corporation - Religion, 2012 .-- 80 p.

[_e0b6a57e7e7d3ee4-8] Malalasekera, 2007 , p. 319.

[:2-9] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ Beal S. Chapter III: Exciting to religious sentiment // The romantic legend of Sâkya Buddha: from the Chinese-Sanscrit. - London: Trubner & Company, Ludgate Hill, 1875. - P. 10-17.

[_bc174b3181939912-10] Malalasekera, 2007 , p. 754-755.

[_e0af9b7e7e770f00-11] Malalasekera, 2007 , p. 131.

[_5e1ff550424fd91e-12] Malalasekera, 2007 , p. 136-137.

[_e0ba0a7e7e802064-13] Malalasekera, 2007 , p. 207.

[_e0ba0d7e7e80255b-14] Malalasekera, 2007 , p. 257.

[15] Horner, IB The Minor Anthologies Of The Pali Canon: Part III: Chronicle Of Buddhas (Buddhavamsa) and Basket Of Conduct (Cariyapitaka) // The twentieth chronicle: that of the Lord Sikhin. - Oxford: Pali Text Society, 1975 .-- P. 77-80. - ISBN ISBN 086013072X .

[16] George Turnour. Introduction // The First Twenty Chapters of the Mahawanso: And a Prefatory Essay on Pali Buddhistical Literature, Originally Pub. as an Introduction to the Above Mentioned Portion of the Mahawanso and to the Epitome of the History of Ceylon, and the Historical Inscriptions, Printed in the Ceylon Almanacs of 1833 and 1834. - Sri Lanka: Cotta Church Mission Press, 1836. - P. 65.

[17] Cunningham, A. XVIII: Tandwa. Report of Tours in the Gangetic Provinces from Badaon to Bihar, in 1875–76 and 1877–78 . - Calcutta, India: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, 1880. - P. 70–78.