Bryansk forests - a forest on the left bank of the Desna River and its tributaries Snezhet , Bolva and others. Mostly located in the territory of the modern Bryansk region , as well as in the south-west of Kaluga , the north of Sumy and Chernihiv regions . To protect the unique nature of these places, the Bryansk Forest reserve has been created. In 1989-2009 the museum of the same name worked in Bryansk.
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| Regions | Bryansk region , Kaluga region , Sumy region , Chernihiv region |
In the Old Russian era, the Bryansk forests, which occupied a much larger area than today, for a long time separated the Dnieper center of Russian civilization from the so-called Zalesye . Only in the middle of the XII century, under the Prince of Kiev Vladimir Monomakh , a “direct road” was laid through them, which contributed to the strengthening of the Slavic colonization of North-Eastern Russia . At the same time, migrants from the southwest had to pass part of the way through the land of warlike Vyatichi .
During the Great Patriotic War
In 1941-1943, the Bryansk forests and the adjacent Dyatkovsky, Kletnyansky, Sofievsky and other forests were one of the largest areas of the partisan movement. Up to 60 thousand partisans (including over 8 thousand women) fought in them, 3 underground district committees (Navlinsky, Dyatkovsky, Novozybkovsky), 3 city committees (Bryansky, Ordzhonikidzegradsky, Klintsovsky), 23 district committees of the CPSU (b), 16 district committees fought Komsomol. In 1942, 31 partisan formations were formed from separate partisan detachments in the Bryansk forests: 27 brigades, partisan artillery regiment, 3 formations of Ukrainian partisans.
In September 1941 - September 1943, partisans of the Bryansk forests destroyed over 100 thousand enemy soldiers and officers, blew up about 1000 echelons, hundreds of bridges, hundreds of kilometers of railroad tracks. In the Bryansk forests, detachments and formations of the Oryol and Kursk partisans operated, Ukrainian partisan formations of S. A. Kovpak , A. F. Fedorov , A. N. Saburov were based . The guerrilla movement was guided by the Bryansk and Western headquarters of the partisan movement, the Oryol Regional Committee of the CPSU (B.). In the Bryansk forests there were 7 partisan airfields. On September 17, 1943, units of the Soviet Army, with the support of partisans, liberated Bryansk and the neighboring city of Bezhitsa .
For courage and bravery, 11 partisans of the Bryansk region were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union , about 16 thousand partisans and underground workers were awarded orders and medals.
In 1966, a memorial to Soviet soldiers and partisans was opened on Partizan Square in Bryansk , in 1969 a memorial complex “Partizanskaya Polyana” was opened near the White Shores , and a monument to the partisans of the 1st Kletnyansky brigade (sculptor G.P. Penzev , architect Yu.I. .Tarabrin ). In 1961 , the Museum of Partisan Glory was created in Navla . In the 1960-70s, 8 historical and memorial reserves were created in the Bryansk forests on the site of partisan camps and bases. In 1983, the city of Dyatkovo was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree .
In those years, the well-known song “The Bryansk Forest Rumbled Harshly ” appeared, which became the official anthem of the Bryansk Region.
Literature
- Partisans of the Bryansk region. Collection of documents and materials, 2nd ed., Tula, 1970;
- Andreev V.A. , People's War, Chisinau, 1970;
- Partisans went to battle, Bryansk, 1972;
- Pavlov V.V. , Brigade of “Three Times Destroyed”, 2nd ed., M., 1973;
- Semenov A.F. , Heroes do not die, Tula, 1981.