Gusyatnikovs

The founder of the clan is considered Sergey Zakharievich Gusyatnikov (? - 1713). Belonged to the living room hundreds of Moscow. In 1689, he received the post of state-owned kisser of the Order of Merchant Affairs, was responsible for the Sable Treasury. His duties included the reception of furs from the Siberian order ^{[1] [3]} .

Pyotr Sergeyevich Gusyatnikov (1683 - not earlier than 1740), the son of Sergey Zakharyevich Gusyatnikov, a merchant of the first guild. In 1729, together with several Moscow merchants, he organized the "Drinking Company", which received the purchase of wine. In the 1730s, she owned the entire liquor trade. In the personal property of Peter Gusyatnikov had 17 taverns , which brought 100-150 rubles profit per month ^{[1] [3]} . To protect their monopoly, merchants surrounded Moscow with the Companion shaft (later the Kamer-Kollezhsky shaft ) and established posts on the roads that prevented the delivery of alcohol bypassing the farmers ^[3] . But, in the end, the activities of the “Drinking Company” became the subject of consideration of the investigative case “on the abuse of Moscow companions of drinking taxes” ^[2] .

Mikhail (Mikhaila) Petrovich Gusyatnikov ( October 1713 - November 22 ( November 2 ) 1776 ), the son of Peter Sergeyevich Gusyatnikov, conducted independent trade and, by 1737, owned 13 shops and 15 camps in Moscow. It is known that goods were delivered to him through Ukraine. After the death of his father, with the help of the inheritance received and with the participation of four other partners: Ivan Chernikov, Ivan Obrosimov, Pantelei Arkhipov and Ivan Nozhevshchikov, he became a tenant of the state hat factory, and two years later bought it. The plant survived the fire in 1748, and Gusyatnikov had to restore it, while the productivity of the enterprise doubled. In the second half of the 18th century, Gusyatnikov turned to linen production and in 1750 bought a factory in the village of Klishino, Zaraisk district, Ryazan province , and in 1769, a factory in Moscow, previously owned by I. I. Ovoshnikov. As a result, the Klinsky factory began to supply yarn for the Moscow, and Moscow to produce fabrics. The trade in textiles allows Gusyatnikov to enter the international market independently in the 1760s and increase the annual turnover to 100 thousand rubles. In addition to textile products, there were yuft , hemp and furs, which Gusyatnikov resold. In the trade involved the sons of Gusyatnikov, Mikhail and Ivan ^{[1] [2]} .

Mikhail Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov (1745 - 1782 ^[2] ), Sergey Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov (1750 - after 1811) and Peter Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov (1758 - January 8 (20), 1816 ), the sons of Mikhail Petrovich Gusyatnikov, continued the work of his father after his death. After 1785, the last two were included in the estate of eminent citizens , including only 11 representatives of the merchant estate ^[3] . Two more sons, Semyon and Fyodor, at the time of the death of their father were not adults, and their elder brother Michael disposed of their hereditary capital. The younger sons, apparently, did not enter into the rights: Semyon died in 1782, and Fedor - in 1791 ^[2] .

Mikhail Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov was married twice. In his second marriage, his wife was the daughter Vera of the Moscow merchant of the first guild Vasily Vasilyevich Surovshchikova. He had three sons: Nikolai, Alexei and Alexander - who had no interest in entrepreneurship and who lived in the house of Uncle Pyotr Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov. Nevertheless, they also managed to become one of the eminent citizens of Moscow after 1795, and Aleksey achieved this not at the expense of capital of more than 50,000 rubles, but "on the scientific side." After the death of her husband, Vera Vasilievna Gusyatnikova again married - to the court adviser Markel Dmitrievich Meshchaninov, thus linking both the Surovschikovs and the Gusyatnikovs with immigrants from the Kolomna merchants ^[2] .

The next generation Gusyatnikovs switched to public service ^[1] . After 1790, only Pyotr Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov was engaged in active trade (although he owned only 9 shops belonging to the family of 34), and from the production enterprises, only the Klinsky factory, which produced nearly 20,000 rubles a year, remained in the possession of the family by that time. The location of the factory played a key role later: when the country was invaded by Napoleon, the owners of enterprises that did not fall into the war zone saved and increased their capital, while Moscow industrialists suffered huge losses ^[2] .

In 1801, Peter Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov left the estate of eminent citizens, again becoming a merchant of the first guild. Pyotr Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov was married to the daughter of the Tula merchant Larion Lugin, Anna. He had several children. The wife and youngest daughter Elizabeth died at one year old, in 1797, which may have caused Gusyatnikov to leave the eminent citizens ^[2] .

Sergei Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov associated the clan with another representative of the Moscow merchants, the Sitnikovs, taking Vera Semyonovna Sitnikova, the great-granddaughter of the clan’s founder Dmitry Sitnikov, as a wife ^[2] .

In 1803, Nikolai Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov (? - 1845), the son of Mikhail Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov, was the first in the family to be elevated to the nobility for military service ^[2] (according to other sources, Nikolai Sergeyevich Gusyatnikov, the son of Sergei Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov, was the first to receive nobility) ^{[ 4]} .

Four daughters of Mikhail Petrovich Gusyatnikov are known. Having a decent dowry, they successfully married. Through Tatyana Mikhailovna Gusyatnikova, the family became related with the Tula merchant I.I. Pastukhov. Marya Mikhailovna Gusyatnikova became the wife of the Moscow merchant M. And Minyaev. Alexandra Mikhailovna Gusyatnikova (1756—?) Also stayed in Moscow, becoming the wife of Ivan Pankratievich Kolosov, who was subsequently ranked among the class of eminent citizens. Elizaveta Mikhailovna Gusyatnikova ( April 1757 - April 25 ( May 6 ) 1791 ) was married to the valet A.S. Popov, and, as a widow, gave birth to Count Alexei Fedor Grigoryevich Orlov, the sons of Alexei , the general who participated in the suppression of the uprising on Senate Square, and subsequently , - chief of gendarmes, prince; Michael , also a general, the Decembrist; Vladimir and Gregory ^{[5] [3] [2]} .

The four children of Pyotr Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov who survived their father did not engage in entrepreneurship. Sons Michael, Peter and Vladimir left the merchant estate and turned to the civil service and university education. The daughter of Eugene (1803-1880) married Nikolai Apollonovich Maykov and became known as a writer ^{[3] [6]} . Nevertheless, Pyotr Petrovich Gusyatnikov increased the industrial assets of the family, owning three linen factories in Zaraisk district. Subsequently, he achieved noble dignity ^[2] .

Semyon Sergeevich Gusyatnikov, the son of Sergei Mikhailovich Gusyatnikov, by the middle of the 19th century remained the last representative of the Gusyatnikov clan engaged in entrepreneurship ^[3] .

The Gusyatnikovs owned several enterprises and buildings ^[3] :

• Hat factory in Moscow;
• Linen factory in Klishino, Ryazan province;
• Linen factory in Moscow;
• Cloth factory;
• Brewery;
• more than 40 shops throughout Moscow;
• houses on Okhotny Ryad , Maroseyka , Mokhovaya and Myasnitskaya streets .

The house on the corner of Myasnitskaya Street and Gusyatnikova Lane, belonging to the Gusyatnikovs ^{[3], has been} preserved.

• Zvyagintsev E. A. Moscow merchant-associate Mikhail Gusyatnikov and his family // Moscow Region in its past: Essays on the social and economic history of the 16th – 19th centuries. / Under. ed. S.V. Bakhrushina .. - M. , 1928. - S. 61-74 .