Jorge Prieto Laurens ( Spanish: Jorge Prieto Laurens ; May 2, 1895, San Luis Potosi - April 15, 1990, Mexico City ) is a far-right Mexican politician, one of the leaders of the corporate , Catholic, and anti-communist forces. Active member of the Mexican Revolution . The leader of the National Cooperative Party in the 1920s and the Social Democratic Party in the 1930s. The leading activist of the right-wing radical movement Tecos , a prominent figure in the World Anti-Communist League .
Jorge Prieto Laurens | |
---|---|
isp. Jorge prieto laurens | |
Date of Birth | May 2, 1895 |
Place of Birth | San Luis Potosi (city) |
Date of death | April 15, 1990 (94 years) |
Place of death | Mexico City |
Citizenship | Mexico |
Occupation | politician, lawyer |
Religion | Catholic |
The consignment | National Cooperative Party , Social Democratic Party, National Anti-Communist Party, Popular Anti-Communist Front of Mexico, Tecos |
Main ideas | corporatism , anti-communism |
Father | Antonio Prieto Trillo |
Mother | Emma Laurens |
Spouse | Felisa Arguelles |
Children | 3 |
Content
Revolutionary Member
Born in the family of an engineer-entrepreneur, was one of five children [1] . Antonio Prieto Trillo - father of Jorge - owned a hat factory. After marrying a French noblewoman Emma Laurens, he opened the Condesa cinema ( Countess ) [2] .
Jorge Prieto Lawrence graduated from the Mexico City School of Law [3] . He worked as a lawyer. Prieto Laurens's youth came in the years of the Mexican Revolution . His father was a conservative and supporter of the dictatorial regime of Porfirio Díaz . However, Jorge Prieto Laurens supported the revolutionary movement and initially joined the partisan army of Emiliano Zapata .
In 1913, he joined a group of Catholic activists led by French Jesuit Bernardo Bergond and participated in the creation of the Catholic Association of Mexican Youth ( ACJM ). Soon, Jorge Prieto Laurens was arrested on charges of conspiracy against President Victoriano Huerta . Freed after the removal of Worthy from power.
In the political struggle of caudilism
In 1917, Jorge Prieto Laurens was one of the founders of the National Cooperative Party ( PNC ) [4] . The party advocated the all-round development of cooperation, economic and political democracy, preaching the Catholic social doctrine and the Mexican tradition of church and civil corporations. Among the activists of the party was the writer Martin Louis Guzman .
From 191 9, Jorge Prieto Laurens became the leader of the PNC. Under his leadership, the party supported Presidents Adolfo de la Worth and Alvaro Obregon , and was part of the pro-government Social Democratic bloc. In the parliamentary elections of 1922, the PNC won a majority in both houses of Congress. Prieto Laurens headed the lower house and the municipality of Mexico City. In the summer of 1923, Prieto Laurens was elected governor of the state of San Luis Potosí [5] .
However, President Obregon did not want to share power with national cooperatives. In September 1923, he removed Prieto Laurens from his post as governor. Prieto Laurens accused Obregon of violating the revolutionary principle of free elections and went into opposition. His phrase, uttered in a parliamentary discussion with Obregon, became a political meme: “I blame you, Mr. President, for being a thief, and not for being a fool.” He joined the opposition under the leadership of Adolfo de la Huerta and at the end of 1923 supported his revolt against Obregon. However, the rebellion was suppressed. In 1927, Jorge Prieto Laurens supported General Francisco Roque Serrano, who spoke out against Obregon [3] . However, Obregon again held power, Serrano was killed. After that PNC ceased to exist.
For several years, Jorge Prieto Lawrence lowered political activity, engaging mainly in journalism and legal practice. Under the rule of Lazaro Cardenas in the 1930s, Prieto Laurens headed the opposition Social Democratic Party. Formally positioning itself as a centrist Third Position , the Prieto Laurens party sharply criticized Cardenas for his leftist course, which she considered a “betrayal of the revolution”. The Social Democrats were blocked with the fascist movement Golden Shirts of General Nicholas Rodriguez [6] .
Anti-Communist Leader
With all the revolutionary activity and the social-democratic self-positioning of the 1920s-1930s, Jorge Prieto Laurens adhered to extreme right - wing views in the spirit of the Third Way . Ideologically, he was a staunch corporatist and tough anti-communist - close to Spanish phalangism and Lusitanian integralism . Since the 1940s, his political activity has developed mainly in this vein.
In 1948, Prieto Laurens created the Popular Anti-Communist Front of Mexico ( FPAM ). The organization advocated the democratization of the political system, against the domination of the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party and for the tough opposition to communism and the USSR [7] . Prieto Laurens also organized the American Anti-Communist Association and the National Anti-Communist Party . In May 1954 he held a congress of anti-communist organizations in Central America in Mexico City. This forum has played a prominent role in consolidating the right forces of the region and overthrowing the left-wing president of Guatemala, Jacobo Arbens [8] .
Anti-Communism Jorge Prieto Laurens was based primarily on the Catholic worldview.
My grandfather was a very religious Catholic. He fought against communism not so much because of Marxist social philosophy, but because of Marxist atheism .
Rodrigo Prieto, grandson of Jorge Prieto Laurens [2]
From the mid-1930s, the Tecos ultra-right movement developed in Mexico. Leadership and the organizational and political backbone of the Tecos were formed at the Autonomous University of Guadalajara ; students and Catholic activists formed the cadre. Jorge Prieto Lawrence represented a different political category and another generation, but actively collaborated with Tecos. FPAM has become an important movement structure. Since 1968, Prieto Laurens has been in the leadership of the Federation of Mexican Anti-Communists of the West ( FEMACO ), the main political structure of Tecos [9] . In 1971 he organized the paramilitary ultra-right group Halcones - Falcons [3] .
In 1972 , the 6th World Anti-Communist League Conference ( WACL ) was held in Mexico City. The Latin American Anti-Communist Confederation ( CAL ), the regional structure of the WACL, was established. The Mexican Tecos belonged to the leading forces of the WACL in the Western Hemisphere. Jorge Prieto Laurens, along with Raimundo Guerrero , was the head of CAL [10] .
Jorge Prieto Laurens was known as a close ally of Cuban anti-communist emigration, maintained a close relationship with Alpha 66 [11] . He described Fidel Castro as a pro-Soviet dictator, dangerous to Mexico. He supported the repressive policies of President Gustavo Diaz Ordaz , considering it to be an adequate opposition to Cuba and the USSR [12] .
Jorge Prieto Laurens, a prominent figure in the ultra-right anti-communist camp, remained until his death at the age of 94 years. He entered the political history of Mexico as one of the brightest and most active figures of the 20th century [2] .
Family Collisions
Jorge Prieto Laurens was married to Felice Arguelles, a professor of linguistics and literature. He married three sons. Guillermo Prieto Arguelles is a renowned aviation engineer, a major manager of Mexican civil aviation, and one of the technical managers of Mexico City Airport . Luis Prieto Arguelles and Carlos Prieto Arguelles - ultra - left activists, political opponents of the father.
Denis Prieto — the daughter of playwright Carlos Prieto Arguelles and granddaughter Jorge Prieto Laurens — was a pro-communist partisan and died in a clash with government forces at the age of 19. This caused deep grief of his grandfather, who saw in the fate of his granddaughter a repetition of the actions of his own youth [2] . Sergio Morales, Denis's husband, later became the commander of the Zapatist army of national liberation [3] .
Rodrigo Prieto - the son of Guillermo Prieto, grandson of Jorge Prieto Laurens - famous filmmaker. Emmanuel Lubetski called him "the best cameraman of the world" [2] .
In literature
Jorge Prieto Laurens published two books of memoirs: Cincuenta años de política mexicana: memorias políticas - Fifty years in Mexican politics: political memories ( 1968 ) and Anécdotas históricas - Historical anecdotes ( 1977 ) [13] .
In the novel by Martin Luis Guzmán (Prieto Laurens' personal friend) La sombra del caudillo - The shadow of the caudillo is derived from the character Olivier Fernandez. Its prototype is Jorge Prieto Laurens. The events of the 1920s are described, reflecting the role of Prieto Laurens in the struggle of Adolfo Uherta and Francisco Serrano against the authoritarian rule of Alvaro Obregon and Plutarco Elias Calles [2] .
See also
- Antonio Leano Alvarez del Castillo
Notes
- ↑ Jorge Prieto Laurens
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rodrigo Prieto y la dinastía que ha transformado a la Ciudad de México
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Personajes de nuestra historia ... Jorge Prieto Laurens
- ↑ Se funda el Partido Nacional Cooperativista
- ↑ N. N. Platoshkin. History of the Mexican Revolution. The choice of the path. 1917-1928 Volume II / Moscow, Russian Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Science, 2011.
- ↑ N. N. Platoshkin. History of the Mexican Revolution. The time of radical reforms of 1928-1940. Volume III / Moscow, Russian Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Science, 2011.
- Gu Las guerrillas blancas: anticomunismo transnacional in Argentina and México, 1954-1972
- ↑ Entre "hispanistas" y "pro-yanquis". El Primer Congreso contra la Intervención Soviética en América Latina, Mexico, Mayo de 1954
- ↑ Historia de una colaboración anticomunista transnacional. Los Tecos de la Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara y el gobierno de Chiang Kai-A
- ↑ Ligue Anti-communiste mondiale - World Anti-Communist League (WACL)
- ↑ Jonathan Marshall, Peter Dale Scott, Jane Hunter. The Iran-Contra Connection: Secret Teams and Covert Operations in 1987.
- ↑ Christopher M. White. Creating a Third World Cup in Mexico and the United States during the Castro Era / University of New Mexico Press, 2007.
- ↑ JORGE PRIETO LAURENS'S BOOKS