Yuriev (Gurgev, Gurichev) is a chronicle city in Kiev land . Also known as Yuriev-Russian and Yuriev-Kievsky. Mentioned in the List of Russian cities far and near [2] .
| Old Russian city | |
| Yuriev | |
|---|---|
| Yuriev | |
| A country | Kievan Rus |
| Region | Kiev land |
| Based | 1032 |
| Founder | Yaroslav Vladimirovich the Wise |
| First mention | 1095 [1] |
| Other names | Gurgev, Gurichev |
Content
Location
Located on the southern border of Kiev land. The exact location is not established. In the annals there is an indication that the city was located in the area of the rivers Ros and Root. Many historians and archaeologists agree with the assumption that Yuriev was on the territory of the White Church and is its forerunner [1] . Some researchers localized the city’s Detinets on the Zamkova Hill with an area of 2 hectares and a cultural layer thickness of up to 4.5 meters [3] . Others - on the settlement in the arboretum "Alexandria" [4] .
History
It was first mentioned in 1072 in connection with the local bishopric [4] . Founded earlier, it belonged to the supporting cities-fortresses of the Poros defensive line , laid down by Yaroslav the Wise in 1032 (“Yaroslav used to set cities according to Ros”) [1] . Their task was to protect the southern border of the state from the raids of steppe nomads. According to the chronicles, Yaroslav the Wise settled in Porosye many prisoners of the Poles, brought from the Polish campaign .
The name of the city comes from the name of the founder - Prince Yaroslav the Wise , in the baptism of Yuri. It was the center of the diocese , presumably with the aim of converting to Christianity living in the vicinity of nomads . The Yuriev diocese existed until the end of the XII century , and in 1197 it was already united with the Belgorod one , and in the same year in Yuryev the stone church was consecrated by the Metropolitan and Bishop of Belgorod and Yuryevsk. [1] The last time the bishop of Yuriev was mentioned in the chronicle under the year 1231. [3]
In 1095 Yuriev was besieged by the Polovtsi , the siege of which he withstood [4] , but the residents left him - the population turned into Svyatopolch, founded by Svyatopolk Izyaslavich. In 1103 Yuriev was restored (the “city” was “cut down”, which means the presence of wooden fortifications). In the XII century, it is mentioned infrequently, due to invasions of the Polovtsy [1] . Nevertheless, the data of the archaeological excavations show that in this epoch St. Petersburg is being turned into the large economic and ideological center of Porosye [4] .
In the cultural layer on the Castle Hill traces of two large fires can be traced. As a result of the first fire, all the buildings with the materials of the XI century died. An even more ambitious fire destroyed the city in the middle of the XIII century , which, apparently, was associated with the invasion of the hordes of Batu Khan . After the Mongol invasion, life in the city did not stop. In the 1360s , after the establishment of the power of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the city is mentioned in written sources under the new name - Belaya Tserkov.
See also
- List of cities of ancient Russia
- Castle Hill
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 M.N. Tikhomirov. Old Russian cities. Second edition, supplemented and revised. - M .: State Publishing House of Political Literature, 1956.
- ↑ Tikhomirov M.N. List of Russian cities far and near. Historical notes. - M. , 1952. - p. 224, 231.
- ↑ 1 2 Cuza A.V. Small Towns of Ancient Russia. - M .: Science, 1989. - ISBN 5-02009473-0 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Orlov R. S. Yuriev // Archeology of the Ukrainian SSR. - Kiev, 1986. - Vol.3. - p. 334—339
Literature
- M.N. Tikhomirov. Old Russian cities. Second edition, supplemented and revised. - M .: State Publishing House of Political Literature, 1956.