Sacrifice for the tsar is a rite in Orthodoxy , Catholicism and Anglicanism , in which the monarch who comes to the throne ( emperor , king , king ) is anointed with peace or oil in order to teach him the gifts of the Holy Spirit needed to govern the country. The anointing was usually included in the complex liturgical coronation office . The anointing of the kingdom is not one of the seven sacraments of the Church , and should be distinguished from the sacrament of anointing .
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Kingdom Anointing in the Old Testament
In the Bible, the anointing with oil appears as a symbol of the message to a person of the highest gifts and was used during the construction of the highest responsible ministry - the high priest, the prophet and the king.
The first biblical example of such anointing is the story of the elevation of Aaron to the high priesthood ( Exodus 28:41 ). Repeatedly in the Old Testament there are indications of the anointing of kings (for example, Saul and David , the prophet Samuel ), so that later the very expression “anointing of the kingdom” became common when the king ascended the throne. The prophets, as high servants of the truth, also anointed themselves to their ministry (for example, Elijah anointed his successor Elisha - 1 Kings 19:16 ).
Anointing of a kingdom in the Middle Ages
In Byzantium and the subsequent Orthodox tradition, the anointing of the world was used ; in Western Christianity, it was eventually replaced out of reverence for the holiness of the world by anointing with consecrated oil , most often the so-called “read oil”. The kings of France (up to Charles X in 1824 ) were anointed with a special world, in which a small amount of the world was added from the “ Holy Ampoule ” brought, according to legend, by a dove from heaven during the coronation of Chlodwig in 496 . In the developed Byzantine and Russian ceremonies of coronation , Confirmation took place after coronation , during the subsequent liturgy (before communion), while in Western ceremonies (including the coronation of the English kings preserved from the Middle Ages ), it precedes coronation.
In Orthodoxy
In Orthodoxy, the rite was conducted by the patriarch (or the preeminent metropolitan, during the synodal period ). During the coronation of the Russian tsars and emperors during the anointing, the so-called "August Crab" was used - a vessel of supposedly Western European work, according to a later legend, which belonged to the Roman emperor Octavian Augustus ; It was lost after the October Revolution of 1917 .
According to priest Elijah Solovyov: “The anointing of the kingdom was traditionally viewed in Byzantium as a restriction of the emperor’s rights by the norm of Christian law, that is, the emperor, having received the anointing from the Church, the church blessing could no longer have, suppose, several wives, could not do wrong judgment, could not indulge in illegal entertainment, lists and so on. Over time, and especially here in Russia, the anointing began to be viewed in a completely different way - <...> as granting the emperor some rights to administer the Church ” [1] .
Furnace for peacekeeping in the Chamber of Patriars of the Kremlin
Avgustova krabitsa
The uniform of Nicholas II for coronation with a flap for anointing the chest.
See also
- Kingdom wedding
- Election to the kingdom
- Ceremonial album
- Chamber of Commerce
Notes
Links
- Ulyanov O. G. On the time of the inauguration of anointing in Byzantium, in the West and in Ancient Russia // Rus and Byzantium: The place of the Byzantine circle in relations between East and West. Abstracts of the XVIII All-Russian Scientific Session of the Byzantinists. - M .: IVI RAS, 2008. - p . 133-140 . - ISBN 5-94067-244-2 .
- The wedding of the kingdom / Ulyanov O. G. // Moscow: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. S. O. Schmidt ; Compiled by: M.I. Andreev, V.M. Karev. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia , 1997. - 976 p. - 100 000 copies - ISBN 5-85270-277-3 .
- Order of anointing of the Russian Tsars at their wedding to the kingdom
- Anointing of the kingdom - what is it? // " Neskuchny garden ", № 3 (74) '2012