Prometheism ( Polish. Prometeizm ) is a political project presented by Polish politician Józef Pilsudski , who later became head of the Second Polish Republic. His goal was to weaken and dismember the Russian empire and, subsequently, the Soviet Union with the support of nationalist movements for the independence of the main non-Russian peoples who lived within Russia and the USSR. Prometheism was a complementary project to the idea of the federation " Intermarine " ( Polish. Międzymorze ) and was based on the Jagiellonian line of Polish politics.
In 1926, the organization Prometeus ( Prometeusz ) was founded in Paris , which included representatives of Azerbaijan , Don Cossacks , Georgia , Idel-Ural , Ingria , Karelia , Komi , Crimea , Kuban , North Caucasus, Turkestan and Ukraine . Branches of "Prometheus" were in Harbin, Helsinki, Berlin and Tehran. The Oriental Institute in Warsaw and the Research Institute for Eastern Europe in Vilna worked for this movement. In the 21st century, their traditions continue the Institute of Eastern Europe at the University of Warsaw and the Eastern European Collegium named after Jan Nowak-Jezeransky in Wroclaw.
Sources
A brief history of Polish prometheism was published in February 1940 by Edmund Charaszkiewicz , an officer of Polish military intelligence, whose duties from 1927 until the beginning of World War II included coordinating the Promethean program. Kharashkevich created his work in Paris, where he fled after the capture of Poland by Nazi Germany.
The creator and soul of the concept, wrote Kharashkevich, was Marshal Pilsudski, who in a memorandum of 1904 to the Japanese government pointed out the need to use numerous non-Russian peoples on the shores of the Baltic , Black and Caspian Seas to fight Russia, and paid attention to the Polish nation, which its history, love of freedom and uncompromising attitude towards the three empires that divided Poland, will undoubtedly occupy a leading position and help liberate other peoples oppressed by Russia.
Literature
- in Russian
- Platoshkin NN American intelligence vs Stalin. - M .: Veche, 2017. - 432 p. - 1500 copies - ISBN 978-5-4444-5585-2 .
- Simonov TM “Prometheism” in Poland’s foreign policy. 1919-1924 // New and newest history . 2002. №4. Pp. 43-67.
- in other languages
- Marian Kamil Dziewanowski, Joseph Pilsudski: a European Federalist, 1918–1922 , Stanford, Hoover Institute , 1979.
- Edmund Charaszkiewicz, Zbiór dokumentów ppłk. Edmunda Charaszkiewicza, opracowanie, wstęp i przypisy Andrzej Grzywacz, Marcin Kwiecień, Grzegorz Mazur , Biblioteka Centr docheskie ryekte, keschroesch, komičiče Niepodległościowego, tom 9, Krakow, i ky, kys, jesy, jr . 56-87 et passim.
- Edmund Charaszkiewicz, Przebudowa wschodu Europy , Niepodległość, London, 1955, ss. 125-67.
- Włodzimierz Bączkowski, O wschodnich problemach Polski. Wybór pism. Opracował Paweł Kowal, Kraków, 2000, wyd. Ośrodek Myśli Politycznej, ISBN 83-7188-405-2 .
- Włodzimierz Bączkowski, Czy prometeizm jest fikcją i fantazją
- Timothy Snyder, Covert Polish missions across the Soviet Ukrainian border, 1928—1933 , fragmenty wersji elektronicznej: ( s.55 , s.56 , s.57 , s.58 , s.59 , w: Cofini , Silvia Salvatici (a cura di), Rubbettino, 2005 ISBN 88-498-1276-0 .
- Timothy Snyder, Sketches from a Secret: Yale University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-300-10670-X , ( s.41 , s.42 , s.43 )
- Richard Woytak, "The Promethean Movement in Interwar Poland," East European Quarterly , vol. XVIII, no. 3 (September 1984), ss. 273-78. Woytak cytuje obszernie Edmunda Charaszkiewicza , "kluczową postać i eksperta ruchu prometejskiego w kołach II Oddziału Sztabu Głównego WP".
- Maj IP, Działalność Instytutu Wschodniego w Warszawie 1926—1939 , Warszawa 2007.
- Sergiusz Mikulicz, Prometeizm w polityce II Rzeczypospolitej , Warszawa, Książka i Wiedza, 1971.